1. Super Model
How are protons and electrons arranged in atoms?

2. Notebook Super Model, Part 1 Put it in your TOC
How are electrons and protons arranged in an atom?
Put it in your TOC

3. Page 162 Different spectra caused by differences between atoms
Questions we’re asking:
HOW are they different?
How does the structure of an atom vary from element to element?

5. Models What does a model do?
What does it allow us to do that we normally wouldn’t do?

6. Page 167 – What is a Model? Physical Model Conceptual model
An object on a different scale
Example?
Conceptual model
Describes a system, not a thing

7. Example of model - DNA

8. Example of model - Gravity

9. Blind Drawing Activity
One person come up to the board
Feel an object in their hands, EYES CLOSED
Have 20 seconds to draw it on the board
You are modeling using evidence…

10. Black Box Activity Eight groups Each group chooses a SECRET object
Place the object in the box at your station
Make sure others don’t see it
Go around and record what you observe/test for the other boxes
Make a guess
You can walk around alone or in a group

11. Process and Procedure #1: Read 164-165 INSTEAD of #2:
Explain Rutherford’s experiment by using a sentence for each of these words. Show how it is related to the reading/experiment.
Use these words:
Gold foil, alpha particles, nucleus, empty space, rebound, target, model, protons, electrons, positive, negative
DUE MONDAY

12. Web stuff

13. Stop and Think, p. 169 Let’s just discuss #2
Good discussion looks like what?
Respectful
Quiet when it’s not your turn
Creative

14. History of the Atom
The modern model of the atom has evolved over a long period of time through the work of many scientists
Democritus
matter is made up of particles called atoms
Dalton
atoms of the same element are alike
solid indivisible spheres
Thomson
cathode ray tube
discovers electrons
plum pudding model

15. History of the Atom Rutherford Gold foil experiment
discovers a massive (heavy) positively (+) charged nucleus
most of the atoms volume is empty space
nuclear model

16. History of the Atom Continued Bohr Schrödinger
Hydrogen emission spectra
electron energy is quantized – electrons can only have certain orbits with certain radii
planetary model
Schrödinger
Aided by many famous scientists (De Broglie, Heisenberg, etc…)
Wave-mechanical or electron cloud or quantum-mechanical model (very complex)

17. History of the Atom

18. Question:
Subatomic particles can usually pass undeflected through an atom because the volume of an atom is composed of (1) an uncharged nucleus (2) largely empty space (3) neutrons (4) protons þ

19. Question:
One model of the atom states that atoms are tiny particles composed of a uniform mixture of positive and negative charges. Scientists conducted an experiment where alpha particles were aimed at a thin layer of gold atoms. Most of the alpha particles passed directly through the gold atoms. A few alpha particles were deflected from their straight-line paths. An illustration of the experiment is shown below.