1.  MITOSIS & CYTOKINESIS
*centrioles – cylindrical shaped structures that make the spindle fibers
*spindle fibers – cell structures that are made of microtubules and are involved in moving the chromosomes during cell division
*Animal cells have 1 pair of centrioles.
*Plant cells do not have centrioles, but they form a spindle that is almost identical to that of an animal cell.

2. Interphase: The cell is engaged in metabolic activity and
preparing itself for mitosis. Chromosomes are not
clearly visible. The DNA is copied during the
Synthesis phase.
centrioles

3. MITOSIS: Prophase: Chromosomes coil up and become visible
centromere
chromatid
MITOSIS:
Prophase:
Chromosomes coil up and become visible
during prophase. The nuclear membrane
dissolves. Spindle fibers form.
spindle
fibers

4. Metaphase:
During metaphase the chromosomes move to
the center of the cell and line up along the
equator. Spindle fibers link the chromatids of
each chromosome to opposite poles.

5. Anaphase:
Centromeres divide during anaphase. The two
chromatids (now called chromosomes) move
toward opposite poles as the spindle fibers
attached to them shorten.

6. Telophase:
A nuclear membrane forms around the
chromosomes at each pole. Chromosomes,
now at opposite poles, uncoil and the spindle
fibers dissolve. Mitosis is complete.

7. CYTOKINESIS: As mitosis ends, cytokinesis begins.
*In animal cells, the cell is pinched in half by a belt of protein threads.
*In plant cells, a cell plate forms at the midline of the dividing cell and a new cell wall forms on both sides of the cell plate.

8. Animal vs. Plant Cell
Belt of Proteins
Cell Plate

9. Mitosis & Cytokinesis Animal Cell Plant Cell Interphase Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

10. Comparing Mitosis in Animal & Plant Cell

11. Mitosis in Onion Root Tips
Interphase
Early Prophase
Late Prophase
Metaphase
Early Anaphase
Late Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

12. Diploid: 2 sets of chromosomes (2n)
Chromosomes visible