1. HAZARDS DUE TO NATURAL DISASTERS
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
HAZARDS DUE TO NATURAL DISASTERS

2. TSUNAMI FAULT RUPTURE TECTONIC DEFORMATION DAMAGE/LOSS
FOUNDATION FAILURE
EARTHQUAKE
DAMAGE/ LOSS
SITE AMPLIFICATION
DAMAGE/ LOSS
GROUND
SHAKING
LIQUEFACTION
DAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/LOSS
LANDSLIDES
DAMAGE/ LOSS
AFTERSHOCKS
DAMAGE/ LOSS
SEICHE
DAMAGE/ LOSS

3. TECTONIC PLATES

4. Fault: A fault is a break in the earth's crust along which movement can take place causing an earthquake
Tsunami are waves caused by sudden movement of the ocean due to earthquakes, landslides on the sea floor, land slumping into the ocean, large volcanic eruptions or meteorite impact in the ocean

5. TSUNAMI HAZARDS TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP
Tsunami runup occurs when a peak in the tsunami wave travels from the near-shore region onto shore. Runup is a measurement of the height of the water onshore observed above a reference sea level
COASTAL EROSION

6. A TSUNAMI WAVE CAN REACH 10 M OR MORE IN HEIGHT

7. Tsunamis Are Associated with Subduction Zone Earthquakes
M 7 or larger earthquakes that occur in oceanic subduction zones can cause: Tsunamis

8. HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES
INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP
TSUNAMIS
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS
FLOODING
INADEQUATE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL EVACUATION
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI

9. VOLCANO

10. Definition
A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapour, and gas are have been erupted from the earth's crust.
vent
cone
conduit
magma chamber

11. Volcanic Hazards Pyroclastic flow:
Perhaps the biggest hazards are pyroclastic flows.
These are hot, fast moving, high particles concentration flows of gas, rock and ash.

12. The direct force of a pyroclastic flow traveling at 10’s of metres per second and carrying boulders as large as houses is extremely damaging.
Pyroclastic flows have temperatures commonly in excess of 400 degrees Celsius. Hot enough to burn forests and wooden structures.

13. Lahars/Mud flows:
‘Lahar’ is an Indonesian term that describes a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments flowing down the slopes of a volcano and (or) river valleys.
Hot volcanic activity can melt snow and ice
Melt water picks up rock and debris
Forms fast flowing, high energy torrents
Destroys all in its path

14. Pyroclastic fall:
An explosive eruption will produce an eruption column of hot gas, ash and debris ejected kilometres into the air. As this debris falls back down to the ground it can cause a lot of damage
Ash load
Collapses roofs
Brings down power lines
Kills plants
Contaminates water supplies
Respiratory hazard for humans and animals

15. Lava flow
Lava flows although generally slower moving and less catastrophic than pyroclastic flows still remain dangerous.
Lava flows have temperatures in excess of 200 degrees Celsius. Therefore will burn any flammable material it contacts with.
Thick lava flows will bury all in it’s path including infrastructure (buildings, roads, waterways etc.) and agricultural land.

16. It is not just explosive volcanic activity that can be hazardous
It is not just explosive volcanic activity that can be hazardous. Effusive (lava) activity is also dangerous.

17. Noxious Gas
Magma contains dissolved gases that are released into the atmosphere during eruptions.
Gases are also released from magma that either remains below ground (for example, as an intrusion) or is rising toward the surface.
In such cases, gases may escape continuously into the atmosphere from the soil, volcanic vents, fumaroles

18. Effects: Lead to volcanic air pollution.
The liquid drops of sulfuric acid promote the destruction of the Earth's ozone layer.