1. 2/10 Daily Catalyst Pg. 81 ETC
1. Compare and contrast glycolysis and citric acid cycle.
2. Describe substrate-level phosphorylation.
3. What are the reduced forms of the electron shuttles?

2. 2/10 Daily Catalyst Pg. 81 ETC
1. Compare and contrast glycolysis and citric acid cycle.
Both are a part of cellular respiration, produce 2 ATP, and 2 NADH’s. Glycolysis produces pyruvate. CAC produces 2 CO2 and 1 FADH2.
2. Describe substrate-level phosphorylation.
Transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to an ADP molecule.
3. What are the reduced forms of the electron shuttles?
NADH and FADH2

4. 2/10 Class Business Pg. 81 ETC Quiz #20 (mini-test) on Friday
Energy, glycolysis, CAC, and the ETC
Review packet over Mardi Gras Break
Tutoring available
Study sheets
Due February 2/27

5. 2/10 Agenda Pg. 81 ETC Daily Catalyst Class Business CAC Review
ETC notes
Quiz #19 Glycolysis and CAC

6. CAC Review Location? Reactants? Products? Electron Shuttles?
ATP Production?

7. 2/10 Reading Quiz Name: _______________ Date: 2/10 Score: _____/4
1. What two components link glycolysis and the CAC to the ETC?
2. Where does the ETC occur?
3. Who is the final electron acceptor?
4. Who has more energy NADH or FADH2?

8. Concept 9.4: During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis
Key Point #1:
The electron transport chain (ETC) occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
The folding of the membrane =cristae increase surface area
Remember the drying towel??
Multiple chains in 1 mitochondria

9. The electron shuttles Their time to shine!
Key Point #2: NADH and FADH2
Electron shuttles!
Shuttle electrons to the inner membrane of the mitochondria
NADH: 2 from G and 8 CAC
FADH2: 2 from CAC
Electrons will power ATP synthase (an enzyme)
oxidative phosphorylation

10. Key Point #3: ETC- Proteins
1. NADH delivers electrons to complex 1
2. Electrons will be passed from complex 1 to complex IV (oxidation and reduction!)
3. FADH2 delivers electrons to complex 2
4. Complex IV passes ALL electrons to Oxygen
5. Oxygen forms H2O

11. Key Point #4: Oxygen is the final electron acceptor
Electrons are passed to oxygen, forming water
H2O O2
NADH
FADH2
FMN
Fe•S O
FAD
Cyt b
Cyt c1
Cyt c
Cyt a
Cyt a3
2 H + + 12 I II
III IV
Multiprotein complexes 10 20 30 40 50
Free energy (G) relative to O2 (kcl/mol)
Figure 9.13

12. Electrons from FADH2 are added
Key Point #5: Electrons from FADH2 are less energetic . They will produce 1/3 LESS energy!

13. Chemiosmosis: The Energy-Coupling Mechanism
INTERMEMBRANE SPACE H+
P i +
ADP
ATP
A rotor within the membrane spins clockwise when H+ flows past it down the H+ gradient.
A stator anchored in the membrane holds the knob stationary.
A rod (for “stalk”) extending into the knob also spins, activating catalytic sites in the knob.
Three catalytic sites in the stationary knob join inorganic
Phosphate to ADP to make ATP.
MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX
Figure 9.14
Key Point #6: ATP synthase
Is the enzyme that actually makes ATP

14. Chemiosmosis Key Point #7: Chemiosmosis
Is an energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work
Hydrogen's are released with the electrons
NADH NAD+
Release a electron and hydrogen

15. Key Point #8: Electron transfer from NADH and FADH2 causes protein complexes to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the inter membrane space

16. The resulting H+ gradient
Stores potential energy! energy
Drives chemiosmosis in ATP synthase
Is referred to as a proton-motive force

18. Electron transport chain Oxidative phosphorylation
Chemiosmosis and the electron transport chain
Oxidative
phosphorylation.
electron transport
and chemiosmosis
Glycolysis
ATP
Inner
Mitochondrial
membrane H+
P i
Protein complex
of electron
carners
Cyt c I II
III IV
(Carrying electrons
from, food)
NADH+
FADH2
NAD+
FAD+
2 H+ + 1/2 O2
H2O
ADP +
Electron transport chain
Electron transport and pumping of protons (H+),
which create an H+ gradient across the membrane
Chemiosmosis
ATP synthesis powered by the flow
Of H+ back across the membrane
synthase Q
Oxidative phosphorylation
Intermembrane
space
mitochondrial
matrix
Figure 9.15

19. An Accounting of ATP Production by Cellular Respiration
During respiration, most energy flows in this sequence
Glucose to NADH to electron transport chain to proton-motive force to ATP

20. There are three main processes in this metabolic enterprise
Electron shuttles
span membrane
CYTOSOL
2 NADH
2 FADH2
6 NADH
Glycolysis
Glucose 2
Pyruvate
Acetyl
CoA
Citric
acid
cycle
Oxidative
phosphorylation:
electron transport
and
chemiosmosis
MITOCHONDRION
by substrate-level
phosphorylation
by oxidative phosphorylation, depending
on which shuttle transports electrons
from NADH in cytosol
Maximum per glucose:
About
36 or 38 ATP
+ 2 ATP
+ about 32 or 34 ATP or
Figure 9.16

21. About 40% of the energy in a glucose molecule Is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making approximately 34 ATP
Key Point #9: ~34 ATP molecules are made

22. Name: ______________________ Date: 2/10 Quiz #19 Score: ________/20
1. Where does glycolysis occur?
2. What is the reactant of glycolysis?
3. How much ATP is produced in glycolysis TOTAL? Yield?
4. Where does the NADH go after glycolysis?
5. Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
6. Why must pyruvate be converted in acetyl CoA?
7. What molecule is essential for the CAC to occur?
8. Where do NADH and FADH2 go after the CAC?
9. How much CO2 is produced in the CAC?
10. How does glycolysis and the CAC produce ATP?
11. Is NADH and FADH2 the reduced or oxidized form?
12.