1. History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian
Conditions that led to change
Prosperity and Peace prevail in Europe and America
Cities begin to grow and improve
Advent of Mass Transit –The railroad and automobile
Spread the population density out –middle and upper class
Workers begin to unionize
Cities like Chicago are home to the political “machines”
Cities like Chicago become home to organized crime
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

2. History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian
People oppose the past
No more classical ornament
John Ruskin, Seven Lamps of Architecture
Ruskin was against modernism
Believed everything should be hand crafted
His philosophy gave birth to the “Arts & Crafts” Movement
Desire to be different and new
Better understanding of nature
Look toward the future (e.g.,science fiction)
New artistic expression
Led to Art Nouveau period
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

3. The Aesthetic Movements
Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain
Beginning in Britain –
Europe
US – Crafts man Movement
The Crafts man Movement in United States
Gustav Stickley
Richardson
Roots of Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain
Ruskin
Morris
Webb
Links to Modernism
Voysey
Mackmurdo
Mackintosh
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

4. The Aesthetic Movements
Roots of Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain
He wrote Seven lamps of architecture
Sacrifice, truth, power, beauty, life, memory, obedience
John Ruskin – writer, theorist and critic
Machine made things are truly tasteless and gaudy and
handcrafted things were honest in terms of function, materials and techniques of production.
Excessive and ugly ornamentation is to be abolished but meaningful decoration devised by the craftsmen is to be welcomed.
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

5. The Aesthetic Movements
Roots of Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain
William Morris
Red House –
Designed by Philip Webb
Founded the firm “Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. to produce tapestries, wall papers and furniture handcrafted
Irregular plan – result of its function
Functional simplicity
Interior - white walls, vaulted ceiling, and wood detail..
The hinges were hand cast and painted.
Morris chairs – arm chairs with adjustable tilt backs
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

6. The Aesthetic Movements
Roots of Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain
William Morris
Factory production stopped creativity in products
Textile designs – nature motifs – plants, flowers and birds
Simplicity and dignity
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

7. The Aesthetic Movements
Roots of Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain
Philip Webb
Designed furniture for use in Morris’s interiors
Standen – interiors paneled up close to the ceiling – generally white painted
Straightforward design
Wardrobe design – painted by
Burne Jones
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

8. The Aesthetic Movements
Links to Modernism
Charles Voysey
Design for wall papers, carpets and textiles
Furniture designs were simple, craft based
Close in spirit to modernism
The interior space is very simple: he covered the walls with a violet fabric just to eye level then painted everything above white. The tiles around the fireplace hearth are pale green.
Though he did not align himself with modernists of his time, to our eyes, this room is fresh, light and very modern.
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

9. The Aesthetic Movements
Links to Modernism
Mackmurdo
Closer link to Art Nouveau
Woodcut showing sinuously curved leaves, flowers and lettering in the graphic style
Furniture design – use of related flowing curved forms
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

10. The Aesthetic Movements
Links to Modernism
Charles Rennie Mackintosh
Scotland
often used simple, geometric forms
introduced exaggerated proportions,
extreme high chair backs, and
white or black paint finishes with
decorative details in violet, silver, or gold
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

11. The Aesthetic Movements
The Craftsman Movement in the United States
Gustav Stickley
Made a trip to England, Paris
Simple furniture design – massive form made in solid oak- wooden joints, iron hardware, leather cushions
Ornamentation was minimal or non existent
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian