1. Warm up
The chart below show the results of several crosses with dominant green lizards with recessive blue lizards.
Which cross would be represented as Aa x aa, where (A) represents a dominant allele and (a) represents a recessive allele?
2. Gamete are haploid because-
Haploids are small and can only hold a number of chromosomes
Gametes’ chromosomes will be replicated prior to cell division
Two gametes will unite during fertilization to create a diploid cell
Fertilization results with a haploid zygote
Cross
Parental Colors
Offspring Colors 1
Green x Green
100% Green 2
75% Green, 25% Blue 3
Green x Blue
50% Green, 50% Blue 4
Blue x Blue
100% Blue

2. New Vocab Monohybrid cross- one trait Dihybrid cross- two traits
Incomplete dominance- one allele for a specific trait is not completely dominant over the other allele
Karyotype- number and appearance of chromosomes “picture of chromosomes”
Chromosome mutations- mutation to the entire chromosome
Nondisjunction- chromosome fails to separate during Meiosis
Purebred- offspring of genetically similar parents
Hybrid-offspring of two genetically different parents

3. Punnet Squares
Dihybrid Cross
Monohybrid Cross

4. Dihybrid Cross
R= round r= wrinkle
Y= yellow y= green
RrYy x RrYy

5. R= round r= wrinkle Y= yellow y= green RrYy x RrYy Dihybrid Cross
Find genotype of parents
Foil
First letter- inner then outer
Second letter- inner then outer
Place on dihybrid square
Cross
Write down genotype, phenotype and %

6. Incomplete dominance rr

7. Karyotype Autosomal chromosomes- occur on chromosomes 1-22
Trisomy- three chromosome
Down syndrome 21
Sex chromosomes- occur on last pair of chromosome

8. Trisomy- genetic disorder in which a person has three copies of a chromosome instead of tw0
Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)
Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome)

9. Trisomy 18- Edwards Syndrome

10. Trisomy 13- Patau Syndrome

11. How many pairs of chromosomes?
Male of female?
What are the white lines in the chromosomes?
What do you notice about the sizes of the chromosomes starting from 1-22?

14. Karyotype (Greek krayon kernel, seed or nucleus)

15. Chromosomal mutation- nondisjunction

16. Klinefelter syndrome one extra x chromosome male sex organs small testes breast enlargement normal intelligence

17. Turner syndrome girl missing x chromosome shorter swelling of hands and feet infertility *hormone replacement therapy

18. Karyotype Autosomal- occurs on chromosomes 1-22
Trisomy- three chromosome
Down syndrome 21
Sex-linked genes- occur on last pair of chromosome
Colorblindness
Hemophilia

19. Sex-linked genes- genes on the x and y chromosome
Genotypes written XAYa
Many are found on the x chromosome- x larger than the y
More than 100 sex-linked genetic disorders linked to x chromosome
Hemophilia
Colorblindness
X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Melanoma
* Males have one X chromosome = all X-linked alleles are expressed in males, even if recessive

20. Colorblindness Recessive Xc
XC Y or XCXc (normal) XCXc (carrier) XcXc XcY (colorblind)
Females must have two recessive to be colorblind
Lab

22. Woman pays $50,000 to Make Sure Fourth Child Was a Girl

23. Warm up What is incomplete dominance? Give an example.
What is a karyotype?
In lizards, green is dominant (G) to blue (g). Having stripes is dominant (S) to no stripes (s).
If both lizards are heterozygous for both traits , what are the genotypes, phenotypes and % outcome of their offspring?

24. Warm up- Write the numbers in the circles.

25. Genetic Techniques Put your name and date on the top of your paper
This unit we have been learning about GENETICS. Write at least half a page telling me why:
it is important to understand how our genes work
how genetics help us determine what traits our offspring can inherit.

26. Warm up 3 paragraphs 1st- introduction 2nd- pros 3rd- cons
Complete sentences
Flow
Concise