1. What is a soil profile?
Cross section of soil layers revealing all soil horizons
O Horizon = organic material (humus)
A Horizon = topsoil
B Horizon = subsoil
C Horizon = partially weathered parent material
R Horizon = bedrock

2. What is a soil profile?
Humus is dark organic matter in soil that is rich in nutrients.

3. What is a soil profile?
Topsoil is a mixture of sand, silt, clay and broken humus.
Living things such as earthworms, bacteria, etc. live here
Subsoil is mostly made of weathered rocks and clay minerals.
Parent rock is weathered parent material that was broken down to form the soil above.
Bedrock is hard rock and can extend deep into the Earth.

4. What is Leaching?
Leaching is the removal of nutrients or toxins in soil as water passes through the layers.

5. Different Soil Textures
Three types of weathered rock particles that make up soil are:
Sand
Largest particles, grainy, and water drains quickly
Silt
Medium particles, smooth, and can hold some water
Clay
Smallest particles, sticky, holds the most water

6. How to Read a Soil Triangle?
Find the point where all three meet to determine the soil type.
What is the soil type here?
Sandy clay loam