1. 12 orders of placental mammals
12 orders of placental mammals *the 6 remaining orders contain just ONE PERCENT of the mammalian species

2. Order Xenarthra
Living in southern North America, Central America, & South America
About 30 living species
Means “strange joints”
Many of these organisms do not have prominent teeth
Anteaters completely lack teeth
Sloths, on other hand, are herbivores that are continuously growing teeth that are adapted to grinding plants

4. Order Lagomorpha Lagomorphs ~ about 70 species Rabbits, hares, pikas
Native to many continents
Differ from rodents = have double row of incisors, with 2 large front teeth backed by 2 smaller ones
Teeth continue to grow throughout lifetime
Adaptation to herbivorous diet

5.
Pikas

6. Difference between newborn rabbit & hare
Kittens –
Leverets --
Rabbits-completely helpless when born
Hares-on their own an hour after birth
Rabbits-smaller, shorter legs
Hares-larger, longer hind legs
Rabbits-eat live in burrows below ground
Hares—live above ground

7. Order Rodentia
Rodents = largest mammalian order… +1,800 species (40% of placental mammals)
Squirrels, marmots, chipmunks, gophers, muskrat, mouse, rat, beavers, porcupines
Every continent except Antarctica
Produce many young each litter
Teeth consist of a few molars and premolars & 2 pairs of incisors that continue to grow throughout life

10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVrZb21KSfI misconceptions of rodents

12. Order Primates
235 living species : lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, gibbons, humans
Most are omnivores & have teeth suited for a varied diet
Brains have a relatively large cortex = enables complex behavior
Wide range of body sizes and adaptations to live in a variety of terrains
Most have forward-facing eyes that enables depth perception
All have grasping hands
All but humans have grasping feet
Some have grasping tail (for living in trees)

13. Tarsier

15. Order Chiroptera Only mammals that TRULY fly 900 species = BATS
Found worldwide except in polar environments
Modified front limb with a membrane of skin that stretches between extremely long finger bones to the hind limb
Wingspan can measure up to 1.5 meters
Bat’s clawed thumb sticks out from top edge of wing (used for walking, climbing, grasping)

16. Small eyes & large ears for ECHOLOCATION
Most are nocturnal & feed on insects
Some tropical bats are diurnal & feed on fruit & flower nectar
They have large eyes & keen sense of smell
Few species feed on meat or blood

17. Order Insectivora ~390 species … shrews, hedgehogs, moles
Found in North America, Africa, & Europe
Insectivores ~ animals that eat insects
**NOT all insectivores belong to this order = ANTEATERS
Most have long, pointed noses that enable them to probe into soil for insects, worms, etc.
Sharp teeth for grasping and piercing prey

18.
Moles are members of the mammal family
Moles live underground and burrow holes.
Some species are aquatic or semi-aquatic.
Moles have cylindrical bodies covered in fur with small or covered eyes; the ears are generally not visible.
They eat small invertebrate animals living underground.
Moles can be found in North America, Europe and Asia.

19. Order Carnivora
~274 living species: dogs, cats, raccoons, bears, otters, seals, hyenas, sea lions, walruses, ETC
Carnivores ~ eat meat
Most are skilled hunters with strong senses of sight and smell
Other adaptations: strong jaws, long canine teeth, clawed toes, long limbs
Aquatic carnivores=pinnipeds
Efficient swimming, streamlined body and 4 limbs adapted for flippers
Return to land to sleep & give birth

21.
When it comes to hunting prey, spotted hyenas seem to know the secret: divide and conquer!
Canada allowed hunters to kill more than 300,000 baby seals this year—one of the largest quotas in history.

22. Order Artiodactyla
<Mammals with hoofs = ungulates >
Deer, cattle, giraffes, pigs, camels, moose
2 main groups characterized by their foot structure and presence of rumen or cecum
Rumen=chamber of the stomach that contains microorganisms *Animals that chew cud have this
Cud– portion of food that returns from a ruminant’s stomach back to the mouth to be chewed and swallowed again
“regurgitated food”
Cecum=large sac that branches from the small intestine *Animals that don’t chew cud have this
Ungulates with an even # of toes are artiodactyls
Most are herbivores & are adapted to grind plants

23. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHNFWmAe5yg growing up giraffe
giraffe birth

24. Order Perissodactyla
Ungulates (have hoof) with an odd # of toes are perissodactyls
Horses, rhinos, zebras, tapirs
Most are native to Asia & Africa
Some species of tapirs live in Central and South America
*Have a cecum

25. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2F2LjKLYF8 san diego zoo tapir
national geographic

26. Order Cetacea
Cetaceans include about 90 species : whales, dolphins, porpoises
Have fish-shaped bodies with forelimbs modified as flippers
Lack hind limbs
Have broad, flat tails that help propel them thru the water
Totally aquatic but evolved from land-dwelling mammals
Breathe thru modified nostrils called blowholes

27. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcToXk1HazQ killer whale gives birth
killer whales vs sea lions

29. Order Sirenia ~Manatees & dugongs~
4 species make up this order .. Called sirenians
Large, torpedo-shaped herbivores
Live in tropical seas, estuaries, and rivers
Front limbs are flippers modified for swimming
Lack hind limbs and have flattened tails for propulsion
Only sirenian found in North America is the manatee

31. Order Proboscidea
Have nose modified into a long, boneless trunk =proboscis
Only living species of this order are the Asian and African elephant (largest living land mammal)
Live in families w/several families living in a herd
Feeds on plants for up to 18 hours a day;
lbs per day
Trunk allows them to gather water or gather leaves from high branches
Modified incisors, (TUSKS), efficently dig up roots and strip bark from branches ; can grow up to 10 ft & weigh 200 lbs

33. Longest gestation of
any land mammal,
22 months
Female elephants can continue to give birth until the age of 70
Elephants can live to be 80 years old
Sleep max of 4 hrs per day
Largest brain of any animal

34. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGm62uybQr8 endangered elephants
baby elephant
elephant and dog