1. The Absolute Monarchs

2. Review from yesterday What is absolutism again?
Absolutism= total control of country in every way
So what is an absolute ruler?
What is divine right?
Divine right= idea that the absolute ruler was chosen by God to rule and therefore is legitimate
What does legitimate mean?

3. Lesson in Legit
Legitimate ruler= implies that the ruler has real power.
To be “the leader” people need to believe that you are “the leader”
Many ways to be legit
Respect
Fear
Divine Right

4. Hapsburg Empire What is this all about?
Well…the Hapsburgs are a family that dominated the Holy Roman Empire
Divided into two areas. (Map)
Areas directly controlled by Holy Roman Empire
Areas indirectly controlled by Holy Roman Empire

5. Hapsburg Empire

6. So lets get this straight
Hapsburg’s are a family
They control the Holy Roman Empire
They also control Spain and
Austria as well as Southern
Italy
As we enter this unit,
Charles V is the Emperor of the
Holy Roman Empire

7. Now to the Monarchs Philip II- Spain Louis XIV- France
Peter the Great- Russia
Catherine the Great- Russia

8. Philip II of Spain
Charles V took over the Holy Roman Empire and Spanish Empire.
This was too much so he split it up between his sons
He gave the Spanish Empire to his son Philip

9. Philip II Goals Philip II believes he rules by divine right
Expand Spanish Influence
Strengthen the Catholic Church
Make his power absolute
Philip II believes he rules by divine right
Believed himself to be the protector of the church = he persecuted Protestants in his lands

10. Philip II Philip II = Catholic Protestant = enemy for Philip II
England, Netherlands both Protestant
Therefore, England and the Netherlands are enemies of Philip II
Netherlands rebellions
Spanish Armada

11. Philip II and the Spanish Armada

12. Philip II Fails with his Armada
The Armada sails for England with the intent to attack
The Spanish Armada was the greatest naval force ever created.
When they arrived to put the hurt on the English, the weather turned and they were scattered and destroyed. Eventually they realized they had to return home.
This signaled the end for Spanish expansion and the beginning of the downfall of their power

13. Moving on to France
Religious wars have torn France apart. France was primarily Catholic however, had Protestant sects known as Huguenots
Henry IV, a Huguenot ruler inherited the French throne.
He became Catholic to avoid issues
His goal: reduce power of nobles,
become an absolute leader

14. Henry IV
His royal administration granted Huguenots more religious toleration
Centralized the Government.
What does centralizing government mean?
Henry wished to reduce the need of nobles by doing everything for the people.
What would this do for Henry’s power?

15. Cardinal Richelieu Everyone dies…Henry IV was no different
His son Louis XIII, 9 years old, takes power.
He couldn’t possibly rule France so he appointed Cardinal Armand Richelieu as his chief minister.

16. Richelieu’s France Richelieu’s goal
Eliminate all those who did not bow to royal authority; extend royal power
Nobles: tied them to the King by giving them high posts
Huguenots: weakened the Protestant cities but allowed them to continue practicing religion
Louis XIII rules with the assistance of Richelieu until they both passed where their successors continued extending royal power

17. Louis XIV Took over for Louis XIII and greatly expanded power.
With the person next to you, read the section on p “From Boy King to Sun King”
Consider the characteristics of absolutism
Divine Right
No check on power
Strong military
Growth of the economy

18. Show of Royal Power
Palace of Versailles

19. Russia Russia was still in Medieval era
What does that mean?
Why might the Renaissance not have reached Russia?
Finally, a young Peter takes control. He hears about all this advancement in Europe and wants to update Russia.

20. Peter the Great Autocratic ruler (absolutism)
Tried to Modernized Russia
Serfdom
Nobles serve the state
Expansion
Build Military
Warm Water Port
Expand to frontier

21. Catherine the Great Peter’s successors were ineffective.
Catherine takes hold of Russia and reinstates the absolute rule of Peter
Also embraced European ideas like Peter

22. Catherine the Great
Kept serfdom and strengthened rights of nobles to repress them.
Continued Peter’s Expansion
Poland; no war

23. Absolutism Review: Who are the Absolute monarchs?
What are characteristics of absolute rulers?
What tends to be problems for absolute rulers?