1. The 16pf in Vocational Assessment
Instructor: Emily Bullock Yowell
PSY 614

2. Introduction
Initial publication in 1949 with the most recent version in its 5th edition published in 1993.
Manual updated in 2009
Originally developed by Raymond B. Cattell using a factor-analytic, empirical approach to understanding the basic dimension of human personality
Began by systematically analyzing the English language adjectives used to describe personality
Eventually derived 16 primary personality factors
Among the more commonly used personality assessments
Translated into over 40 languages with confirmation that the factor structure exists in a variety of cultures

3. Description Objective measure of normal personality
Has been used with or for the following:
Educational achievement
Creativity
Leadership
Interpersonal skills
Marital Adjustment
Psychological Adjustment
Occupational Profiling
Most commonly associated with use in career development settings

4. Administration 185 items available online or paper-and- pencil format
25-50 minute administration time
Appropriate for ages 16-82
Adolescent version for ages 11-22
3 choice response format with ? As the middle choice option

5. Norm Group Sample: 10,261 (49.9% male; 77.9% White)
Age range: (Mean age: 32.7)
Majority had “at least some college”
From 5 regions throughout the U.S.

6. Reliability & Validity
Internal Consistency
In the primary scales ranges from .68 (Dominance-E & Openness to Change-Q1) to .87 (social boldness) in the norm group
In the Global scales ranges from .81 (independence) to .90 (extraversion & anxiety)
Test retest (2 month interval)
Ranging from .56 to .81 across all primary and global scales
Construct Validity
Found to be correlated as predicted with the Personality Research Form, NEO-PI-R, California Psychological Inventory, and the Myers-Briggs
Predictive Validity
Predictive of appropriate employee selection, job stress & burnout, as well as a variety of other work-related and non- work factors
Extensive evidence supporting the details of these validity-related correlations is provided in the 2009 manual

7. Interpretation First, review Response Style scales
If any indices is in the extreme range, generate hypotheses about the examinee’s test-taking attitude
Second, evaluate the Global Factor Scales
Third, evaluate the Primary Scales
Extreme scores in a profile usually indicate an examinee’s most distinctive traits
The greater numbers of extreme scores, the more distinctive the personality expression is likely to be
Scores are reported in Stens (Standardized ten)
Range of 1-10
Mean of 5.5; SD 2
Historically scores of 4-7 have been considered to be in the average range

8. 16PF Scores-Global Factors
Extraversion (Introverted-Extraverted)
Independence (Accommodating-Independent)
Tough-Mindedness (Receptive-Tough Minded)
Self-Control (Unrestrained-Self-Controlled)
Anxiety (Low Anxiety-High Anxiety)
Reported to be similar to the Big Five Personality Factors (but not exact)
Comprised of a variety of the Primary Factors

9. 16PF Scores-Primary Factors
Warmth (reserved, impersonal-warm, attentive to others)
Reasoning (concrete thinking-conceptual thinking)
Emotional stability (emotionally changeable- emotionally stable)
Dominance (Deferential, cooperative- dominant, assertive)
Liveliness (serious, restrained-Lively Spontaneous)
Rule-Consciousness (non-conforming, expedient-rule-conscious, dutiful)
Social Boldness (shy, timid-socially bold)
Sensitivity (Unsentimental-Sensitive, sentimental)

10. 16PF Scores-Primary Factors
Vigilance (accepting, trusting-vigilant, suspicious)
Abstractedness (Practical, grounded- abstracted, imaginative)
Privateness (forthright, genuine-private, discreet)
Apprehension (self-assured, unworried- apprehensive, worried)
Openness to change (traditional-open to change)
Self-Reliance (affiliative-self reliant, individualistic)
Perfectionism (tolerant of disorder- perfectionistic)
Tension (composed, relaxed-tense, driven)

11. Interpretive Report
The 16pf is available with several interpretive reports
16PF Career Development Report
16PF Cattell Comprehensive Personality Interpretation
16PF Competency Report Suite
16PF Interpretive Report
16PF Karson Clinical Report
16PF Leadership Coaching Report
16PF Management Potential Report
16PF Practitioner Report
16PF Profile & Manager Feedback Report
16PF Profile Report
16PF Protective Services Report
16PF Talent Management Guide
16PF Teamwork Development Report

12. Interpretive Report
The Career Development Report states that the following 5 areas of behavior are covered in this report:
Problem-solving resources
Patterns for coping with stressful conditions
Interpersonal interaction styles
Organizational role and work-setting preferences
Career activity interests

13. Career Development Report Scores
Leadership/Subordinate Role Patterns
Leadership Roles
Subordinate Role Patterns
Leadership/Subordinate Interaction Roles
Career Interest Scores
Influencing
Organizing
Creating
Helping
Analyzing
Producing
Venturing