1. FLASH FORWARD: September 11, 2001 – hijackers seized control of four jet airliners filled with passengers. They crashed two into the World Trade Center in New York City, a third hit a wing of the Pentagon (country’s military headquarters), and the fourth aircraft crashed in a field near Pittsburgh, PA. Around 3,000 people died on September 11.

2. The advance of human freedom…now depends on us.”
“Our war on terror begins with Al Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group…has been found, stopped and defeated. Freedom and fear are at war.
The advance of human freedom…now depends on us.”
On September 20, 2001, Bush addressed a joint session of Congress and a national television address – announcing a new foreign policy principle, which quickly became known as the Bush Doctrine.

3. And tonight the United States of America makes the following demands on the Taliban:
Deliver to United States authorities all of the leaders of
al Qaeda who hide in your land.

4. Taliban refuses without “evidence” – the U. S
Taliban refuses without “evidence” – the U.S. on October 7, 2001 launches air strikes

5. “AXIS OF EVIL” Iran Iraq
Who helped al Qaeda plan/prepare for the attacks of 9/11 and possess weapons of mass destruction?
“AXIS OF EVIL”
North Korea
Iran
Iraq
The toppling of the Taliban, Bush repeatedly insisted, marked only the beginning of the war on terrorism. In his State of the Union address of January 2002, the president accused Iran, North Korea and Iraq of harboring terrorists and developing “weapons of mass destruction” – nuclear, chemical and biological – that posed a potential threat to the United States.

6. FLASHBACK to 1990 Saddam Hussein
The same year George H.W. Bush (older George Bush) was elected (1990), Iraq invaded and annexed neighboring Kuwait (see map above). Iraq had long been ruled by brutal dictator Saddam Hussein. In 1990, Hussein sent troops to invade Kuwait. Kuwait is one of the richest oil-producing nations in the Middle East and located in the Persian Gulf region. FLASHBACK TIME –see next slide.

7. “The United States will use military force if necessary to
defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf.”
- Carter Doctrine (1980)
Remember me?

8. President George H.W. Bush feared the invasion of Kuwait (located in the Persian Gulf region) was the start of an Iraqi plan to seize Middle Eastern oil. To block such a move, Bush sent troops to Saudi Arabia. Bush built a coalition or alliance of more than 30 nations, including the Arab nations of Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Egypt. They demanded that Iraq withdraw from (get out of) Kuwait.

9. Iraq refused and the coalition began launching a series of air attacks against the Iraqi capital of Baghdad in January These were later followed by a ground attack. The Persian Gulf War only lasted six weeks. The U.S. and its allies were able to force Iraq out of Kuwait. Hussein, however, remained in place so did a large American presence in Saudi Arabia.
PERSIAN GULF WAR
( )

10. PERSIAN GULF WAR (1990-1991) 1990 - Iraq invaded Kuwait
Fearing that Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein might next attack Saudi Arabia, Bush rushed troops to the Persian Gulf.
The U.S. quickly drove Iraqi army from Kuwait
The U.S. stayed in Saudi Arabia
Outraged bin Laden who deemed an affront to their faith and as part of a Western plan to destroy Islam.
After the Persian Gulf War, Saddam Hussein stayed in power in Iraq and, as previously stated, the U.S. stayed in Saudi Arabia. American presence in Saudi Arabia outraged (made angry) many people in the Middle East. Saudi Arabi is home to some of the holiest places for Muslims included Mecca. One person who was outraged by the American military presence in Saudi Arabia was a man named Osama bin Laden. After speaking publicly against the Saudi government for harboring American troops, he was banished and forced to live in exile in Sudan.
PERSIAN GULF WAR
( )

11. al Qaeda in Sudan ( )

12. al Qaeda in Afghanistan (1996- ?) Bin Laden Returns to Afghanistan

14. “AXIS OF EVIL” Iran Iraq
Who helped al Qaeda plan/prepare for the attacks of 9/11 and possess weapons of mass destruction?
“AXIS OF EVIL”
North Korea
Iran
Iraq
U.S. President George W. Bush used the term "axis of evil" in his State of the Union Address on January 29, 2002,

15. Secretary of State Colin Powell holds up a bottle of anthrax in his 2003 UN address.
Even though there was no known evidence linking Iraq and Saddam Hussein to the terrorist attacks of September 11, the Bush administration in 2002 insisted that he must be ousted from power because he had developed an arsenal of chemical and bacterial “weapons of mass destruction” and was seeking to acquire nuclear arms. Early in 2003, Secretary of State Powell delivered a speech claiming that Hussein possessed a mobile chemical weapons laboratory, had hidden weapons of mass destruction and was seeking to acquire uranium in Africa to build nuclear weapons. Shortly after Powell’s address, the president announced his intentions to go to war with or without the approval of the UN. Congress passed a resolution authorizing the president to use force if he deemed it necessary.

16. March 20, 2003 – the U.S. attacks Iraq

17. War in Afghanistan Timeline (2001-present)?
2000
Taliban collapses?
U.S. begins attack of Taliban
Oct 2001
End of 2001
2004
“End to major combat” U.S. pledges to help rebuild Afghanistan
“A Marshall Plan For Afghanistan”
2005
The first democratic elections are held
The Taliban begins to regroup and attack U.S. troops.
2007
On Feb. 17, 2009, Obama approves sending 17,000 U.S. troops, on top of the 36,000 troops already there. x
2009
2010
Osama bin Laden killed in Pakistan
2011
Obama announces that U.S. combat operations in Afghanistan would end in December 2014, but 9,800 troops would remain in the country.
2014
U.S. halts withdrawal, the Taliban controls or contests over 70 districts and ISIS/ISIL establishes presence and begins to recruit fighters.
2015
2016

18. Iraq War Timeline (2003-present)
2000
Bush delivers “Axis of Evil” speech
2002
U.S. begins air strikes in Iraq
2003
Saddam
Hussein
Is captured
Suicide bomber kills 17 people
2004
2005
U.S. responds
with troop surge
“Mission Accomplished!”
2007
Widespread
sectarian violence
between Shias and Sunnis often executed
by a militant group that would become ISIS.
2008
The winding down of U.S. involvement in Iraq accelerated under President Barack Obama.
2010
2011
The U.S. formally withdrew all combat troops from Iraq
Iraqi insurgency surged in the aftermath of the U.S. withdrawal.
2014
The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) took over the cities of Mosul and Tikrit.
2015
Obama authorizes airstrikes against ISIL and humanitarian aid
2016