1. Be able to able to label parts of the respiratory system
Be able to able to label parts of the respiratory system. The Respiratory System

2. What is the main job of the respiratory system?
Functions:
Works closely with circulatory system, exchanging gases between air and blood:
Takes up oxygen from air and supplies it to blood (for cellular respiration).
Removal and disposal of carbon dioxide from blood (waste product from cellular respiration).
Regulates blood pH.
Regulates blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.

3. Components of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.2

4. Upper Respiratory Tract Functions
Passageway for respiration
Receptors for smell
Filters incoming air to filter larger foreign material
Moistens and warms incoming air
Resonating chambers for voice

5. Components of the Lower Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.3

6. Explain how the respiratory system is protected from particles?
Small hairs in your nose, called cilia, help filter out large particles. Cilia are also found along your air passages and move in a sweeping motion to keep the air passages clean. But if harmful substances, such as cigarette smoke, are inhaled, the cilia stop functioning properly, causing health problems like bronchitis.
Mucus produced by cells in the trachea and bronchial tubes keeps air passages moist and aids in stopping dust, bacteria and viruses, allergy-causing substances, and other substances from entering the lungs.
Impurities that do reach the deeper parts of the lungs can be moved up via mucous and coughed out or swallowed.

7. Lower Respiratory Tract
Functions:
Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food and air appropriately, assists in sound production
Trachea: transports air to and from lungs
Bronchi: branch into lungs
Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange

8. Define: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
Functions:
Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food and air appropriately, assists in sound production
Trachea: transports air to and from lungs
Bronchi: branch into lungs
Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange

9. Why must the alveolar membranes be thin
Why must the alveolar membranes be thin? Gas Exchange Between the Blood and Alveoli
Figure 10.8A

10. What is the diaphragm and what does it do
What is the diaphragm and what does it do? Describe what happens during inhalation and exhalation.
Respiratory Cycle
Figure 10.9

11. Breathing Ventilates the Lungs
Breathing: Alternation of inhalation and exhalation. Supplies our lungs with oxygen rich air, and expels excess carbon dioxide.
Inhalation: Diaphragm contracts, moving downward and causing rib cage, chest cavity, and lungs to expand. Air rushes in, due to decrease in internal lung pressure as lungs expand.
Exhalation: Diaphragm relaxes, moving upwards and causing rib cage, chest cavity, and lungs to contract. Air rushes out, due to the increase in internal lung pressure as lungs contract.
Breathing is controlled by centers in the nervous system to keep up with body’s demands.

12. Regulation of Breathing
What does the brain detect to determine rate of breathing?
Regulation of Breathing
Figure 10.13

13. Regulation of Breathing: Nervous System Involvement
Carotid and aortic bodies: sensitive to carbon dioxide, pH, and oxygen levels
Conscious control: resides in higher brain centers; ability to modify breath is limited