1. BLIND EMPLOYMENT

2. 20% EMPLOYMENT
For every 100 people aged who are blind, only 20 will ever be employed. What about the other 80 people? Lacking skills? Afraid to lose benefits? Tried unsuccessfully and gave up? Medical or/and multiple disabilities issues? Unaware of advocacy?

3. 10 % FACTOR

4. Smarter Balanced Braille 2015

5. APH (Federal Quota) Blind Readers 2015
Visual Readers
Braille Readers
Auditory Readers
Pre-readers
Non-readers
Total
Grade 1
1,002
244
149
556
645
2,596
Grade 2
1,064
258
154
393
696
2,564
Grade 3
1,112
280
156
303
713
Grade 4
1,221
278
146
230
636
2,511
grade 5
1,258
318
169
196
640
2,587
Grade 6
313
177
152
607
2,507
Grade 7
1,211
321
174
103
589
2,398
Grade 8
1,223
344
107
561
2,404
Grade 9
1,216
341
183 88
513
2,341
Grade 10
1,208
307
200 83
494
2,292
Grade 11
1,115
331
197 74
447
2,164
Grade 12
1,404
451
272 89
824
3,040
Grade 12+
328 78
147
130
557
1,240
14,620
3864
2293
2504
7922
31,208

6. WHO WILL TRANSCRIBE?
Braille certification takes time and requires keeping up with changes
District policies differ in terms of expectations for braille preparation
District policies differ in professional development for transcribers
Transcribing software and embosser technology is costly

7. TRANSCRIBER REQUIREMENTS
Code certification; Unified English Braille (UEB) English Braille American Edition(EBAE) Nemeth Math and Science Music & Foreign Language Proofreading Formatting Abraham Nemeth

8. WHO WILL TEACH BRAILLE?
Teachers of the Visually Impaired have extensive course loads
Instead of classes, many TVIs have caseloads
District policies vary to class size and caseloads
Electronic brailler (Smarter Braille and Cosmo) still need skill teaching
More to braille than raised bumps
UEB, EBAE, Nemeth, Music, Foreign Language

9. TEACHERS OF THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED
California requirements: Preliminary courses (21 units) VI Disability Specific Courses (42 units) Braille Competency and Braille Literacy Instruction