1. Personality Disorders

2. Horney’s Neurotic Needs and Personality Disorders
Affection and approval
Partner to take over one’s life
Restrict one’s life within narrow boundaries
Power, control over others, and façade of omnipotence
Exploit others and get the better of them
Dependent, Histrionic, Borderline, Narcissistic
Dependent, Borderline
Dependent, Avoidant, Paranoid
Antisocial, Narcissistic, Borderline, Paranoid, Histrionic, Obsessive Compulsive
Antisocial, Narcissistic, Borderli

3. Horney’s Neurotic Needs and Personality Disorders
Social recognition or prestige
Personal admiration
Personal achievement
Self-sufficiency and independence
Perfection and unassailability
Narcissistic, Histrionic
Antisocial, Narcissistic
Avoidant, Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
Narcissistic, Borderline, Avoidant

4. The Big 5
There is considerable empirical support for Personality Disorders being understood as maladaptive variants of the Big 5. The first four in particular define the domains of impairment used to diagnose personality and mental disorders.
Extraversion & Agreeableness
Two largest domains account largely for all manner of interpersonal relatedness
Conscientiousness
Concerns control and regulation of behavior
Neuroticism
Primarily important to the fields of clinical psych and psychiatry
Openness
Primarily deals with culture or society’s interest in creativity, intellect, imagination, and conventionality. There are aspects of openness in PDs as well.

5. Research (Hankin, B. L. &Abela, J. R. (Eds. )
Research (Hankin, B.L. &Abela, J.R. (Eds.). (2005) Development of psychopathology: A vulnerability-stress perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications)
Childhood Maltreatment
Specific combinations of
Emotional abuse
Physical abuse
Sexual abuse
Emotional neglect
Physical neglect
Supervision neglect
Maladaptive Parenting
Respond erratically or inappropriately to private emotional experiences
Insensitive to people’s emotional states
Tendency to over or under-react to emotional experiences
Emphasize rigid control over negative emotions
Have tendency to trivialize painful experiences or to attribute such experiences to negative traits