1. pp. 316-319 Essential Question: Why does conflict begin? Standard 6.62
11.2 The Punic Wars pp
Essential Question: Why does conflict begin?
Standard 6.62

2. Vocabulary Carthage Sicily Hannibal Scipio
Punic Wars AKA Carthaginian Wars

3. The First Punic War: Carthage Vs. Rome over Sicily

4. The second Punic war Carthage’s greatest general = Hannibal
Compared to Alexander the Great
Excellent leader
Earned loyalty and respect from his soldiers early on
Genius of war strategies

5. What are the possible rewards and failures of Hannibal’s true attack route?
Possible Failures
The element of surprise
Hannibal will face less opposition if the Romans aren’t ready
Locals could be supportive
Soldiers could fall to their death in the alps
Attacked by the locals
soldiers and elephants could die
supplies could run out
Alps 10,000 feet altitude
extreme cold
1500 mile journey
Turn and Talk: Can Hannibal make it across the Alps? Explain.

6. Advantages/Disadvantages of War elephants?
Crossing the Alps

7. War Elephants
Advantages
Disadvantages
create terror among men and horses alike (biggest advantage)
elephants threw foot soldiers to the ground, punctured enemy soldiers or trampled them
some elephants were fitted with war boxes (held 3 or 4 archers)
screaming war elephants freaked out horses.
hard to control if something sets them off
big targets - could hurt their own troops
Can eat up to 400 lbs. of vegetation every day
could do as much damage to their own army as the opposing army.

8. strategies that the Romans used to defeat Hannibal’s war elephants.
Portable minefield- wooden shed with metal spikes pierce elephants feet
War wagons w/ flame thrower of long metal tipped spears
Coated pigs with flammable oil and lit them on fire, set them loose and freaked out the elephants
Attacked elephants from the side

9. things you should know about the battle of Cannae
Considered the bloodiest battle-- had (possibly) resulted in the highest loss of human life in a single day in any battle recorded in history.
It was Hannibal's finest hour and forced the Romans to learn a painful lesson.
2 major battles had taken place at Trebia and at Lake Trasimene in Italy, both of which Hannibal remained victorious.
A lot is made of the psychological impact his elephants had on terrified Roman troops, but by the Battle of Cannae all Hannibal's elephants had died.

10. things you should know about the battle of Cannae
Hannibal’s men were outnumbered Rome = ~48,000 Infantry and ~6,000 Cavalry Carthage = ~ 35,000 Infantry and 10,000 Cavalry
Hannibal trapped the Roman Army by letting the Roman Infantry push forward into the Carthaginian Infantry. The Romans become surrounded/trapped on 3 sides.
Hannibal’s superior cavalry rides in to close off the 4th side.
Rome loses. ~ 50,000 casualties
Rome calls on Scipio to deliver the Romans from the troublesome Carthaginians.
Source:

11. Sicily, Spain, and Carthage

12. The third Punic War: Destruction of Carthage

13. Territory spreads East

14. Who is fighting in all three Punic Wars? Who is Scipio?
Who is Hannibal? Why is he so well-known?
In the First Punic War, why do Rome and Carthage want the small island of Sicily?
What battle strategy did Hannibal use against the Romans in the Second Punic War?
Who won each of the Punic Wars?
First-
Second –
Third -