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11/22/2018 IV: Building the “Enlightened” Republic (c.1776~1791) -- Part 2: Visual Arts & Representation • John Singleton Copley • John Trumbull • The.

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Presentation on theme: "11/22/2018 IV: Building the “Enlightened” Republic (c.1776~1791) -- Part 2: Visual Arts & Representation • John Singleton Copley • John Trumbull • The."— Presentation transcript:

1 11/22/2018 IV: Building the “Enlightened” Republic (c.1776~1791) -- Part 2: Visual Arts & Representation • John Singleton Copley • John Trumbull • The Image-Cult of George Washington: Gilbert Stuart, Charles Wilson Peale, Rembrandt Peale 11/22/2018 Dr. Nick Melczarek 2004

2 John Singleton Copley (1738-1815)
11/22/2018 John Singleton Copley ( ) After West, most talented artist in Revolutionary America Self-taught ; eventually left for England Early portraits depict Enlightenment America through realism and personal character of subjects Use of chiaroscuro (light/dark contrast) to foreground 3-D depictions ; skill in depicting textures and surfaces ; straightforward presentation 11/22/2018 Dr. Nick Melczarek 2004

3 Copley (cont.) Boy with a Squirrel (Henry Pelham) (1765)
11/22/2018 Copley (cont.) Boy with a Squirrel (Henry Pelham) (1765) Paul Revere ( ) 11/22/2018 Dr. Nick Melczarek 2004

4 Copley (cont.) Samuel Adams (1772) Nicholas Boylston (1767) 11/22/2018
Dr. Nick Melczarek 2004

5 Copley (cont.) (See also Copley family portrait, Pohl p.125)
11/22/2018 Copley (cont.) Mr. And Mrs. Ralph Izard (1775) Governor and Mrs. Thomas Mifflin (1773) (See also Copley family portrait, Pohl p.125) 11/22/2018 Dr. Nick Melczarek 2004

6 Copley (cont.) Watson and the Shark (1778) 11/22/2018
Dr. Nick Melczarek 2004

7 John Trumbull (1756-1843) Studied with West in England
Proposed a series of 13 grand history paintings of the American Revolution Had to appeal to both American and English audiences Often ambivalent presentation of character and event

8 11/22/2018 Trumbull (cont.) Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker’s Hill, 17 June 1775 (1786) 11/22/2018 Dr. Nick Melczarek 2004

9 11/22/2018 Trumbull (cont.) Print based on Death of General Montgomery in the Attack on Quebec, 31 December 1775 (1786) 11/22/2018 Dr. Nick Melczarek 2004

10 11/22/2018 Trumbull (cont.) The Declaration of Independence, 4 July 1776 ( ) 11/22/2018 Dr. Nick Melczarek 2004

11 The Image-Cult of George Washington
Focused on George Washington as symbolic figurehead of an emerging national mythology for the new United States Washington as pater patriae, “father of the nation” primus inter pares, “first among equals” “new Cincinnatus,” Roman figure called from his farm to lead military, then relinquishes power to return to his farm Ambivalent symbol of the soldier-turned-statesman Portrayed most often in painting, ceramics, textiles, and prints ; seldom in sculpture (too few sufficiently skilled sculptors, and too great an expense)

12 The Image-Cult of George Washington: Gilbert Stuart (1755-1828)
Created most frequently reproduced images of Washington Helped evolve a national iconography and symbolism for the United States Helped bridge Washington’s identity-shift from soldier to statesman Created 111 portraits off only 3 initial portraits

13 (The Lansdowne Portrait)
11/22/2018 Stuart (cont.) George Washington 1795 (The Vaughan Portrait) George Washington 1796 (The Lansdowne Portrait) 11/22/2018 Dr. Nick Melczarek 2004

14 The “Athenaeum” Portraits (1796)
Stuart (cont.) 11/22/2018 The “Athenaeum” Portraits (1796) 11/22/2018 Dr. Nick Melczarek 2004

15 The Image-Cult of George Washington: Charles Wilson Peale (1741-1827)
Father of first American “dynasty” of painters Became America’s first resident history painter Had actually participated in the Revolutionary War, and relied on his direct memories and war sketches Rather stiff presentation of character that suited tastes of the time Emphasized Washington the soldier

16 11/22/2018 C.W. Peale (cont.) Washington at the Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777 (1784) Washington at Princeton (1779) 11/22/2018 Dr. Nick Melczarek 2004

17 C.W. Peale (cont.) Washington and His Generals at Yorktown (1781)
11/22/2018 C.W. Peale (cont.) Martha Washington 1796 11/22/2018 Washington and His Generals at Yorktown (1781) Dr. Nick Melczarek 2004

18 The Image-Cult of George Washington: Rembrandt Peale (1778-1860)
11/22/2018 The Image-Cult of George Washington: Rembrandt Peale ( ) • Son of Charles Wilson Peale • Created more sentimentalized vision of the Washingtons • Created 79 versions of the “stone portal” portraits, with Washington in various ensembles The “Stone Porthole” Portraits ( ) 11/22/2018 Dr. Nick Melczarek 2004

19 “Building the ‘Enlightened’ Republic (Part 2)” themes, terms, concepts, artists
11/22/2018 John Singleton Copley Boy with a Squirrel (Henry Pelham) Governor and Mrs. Thomas Mifflin Watson and the Shark John Trumbull Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker’s Hill, 17 June 1775 The Declaration of Independence, 4 July 1776 The Image-Cult of George Washington Pater patriae, primus inter pares, “new Cincinnatus” Gilbert Stuart George Washington (Lansdowne Portrait) “Athenaeum” portraits of George and Martha Washington Charles Wilson Peale Washington at the Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777 Washington and His Generals at Yorktown Rembrandt Peale “Stone Portal” Portraits of George & Martha Washington 11/22/2018 Dr. Nick Melczarek 2004

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