1. Gemstones and Crystals
Carley Nuzzo and Brad Henning
November 26, 2013

2. 3 TYPES OF ROCK
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

3. Igneous Covers 1/3 of Earths surface
Intrusive
Example - Granite
Extrusive
Example - Volcanic Rock
Example - Obsidian Rock

4. Stonehenge: Dolerite “Blue Stones” (Igneous)

5. Mount Rushmore – Granite (Igneous)

6. Sedimentary 80% to 90% of Rock on Earth’s Surface
Created by Deposits on Earth Surface From Wind, Water or Ice
Created From Decaying Materials
Example – Coal and Fossils

7. Painted Desert - Sandstone

8. Metamorphic
Created when Existing Rocks are subjected to pressure or temperature changes:
Dynamic Pressure
Thermal Pressure
Regional Change

9. Dynamic Pressure – Folded Rock, Ireland

10. Thermal Pressure – Salisbury Crag, Scotland

11. Regional Change – Mountain Ranges

12. Sedimentary Rock to Metamorphic Rock - Marble

13. Minerals Materials From Which Rocks are Made
Includes metalliferous ores, such as gold, silver, lead, copper and titanium

14. Crystals Are Minerals and/or Rocks at Various Points in the Formation
Usually Polished or Cut

15. Gemstones
Any mineral that is highly prized for it’s beauty, durability and rarity.
Altered Shape by Cutting and Polishing

16. Example: Hope Diamond

17. Example: Queen Elizabeth's Crown

18. Example: Cambridge Lovers Knot Tiara

19. Example: Native American Jewellery-Turquoise and Silver

20. Example: Egyptian Jewellery- Lapis Lazuli