1. Organic Chemistry

2. When you hear the word “organic” what comes to mind?

3. What is organic chemistry?
*Mostly found or produced in nature or any living things (biomolecule) *Usually a chain or rings of carbon atoms *Typically carbon bonding to itself, and other non-metals (H2, N2, O2, S and halogens)
Exceptions: carbonates (CO, CO2, Na2CO3) and oxides

4. Carbon Bonding * # valence electrons allow for a
How many valence electron for a carbon?
* # valence electrons allow for a
very stable structure.
*Most basic is a hydrocarbon
(ex. ____NAME__ CH4 with a
tetrahedral shape)
*Allows for variety of allotropes:
(1)diamond—strong
(2)graphite– soft
(3)fullerenes--spherical

5. Organic Chem Notes
Chp *Define key vocabulary terms, simplify *For each type of alkanes, describe and sketch *Include Table 20.1 (skip the extended formula) Chp *Include Table 20.2 *Simplify and paraphrase rules for naming alkanes pg. 643 *Read the section, answer #4 and 5 pg. 648

6. Front
---simplest hydrocarbons, saturated Formula: C-C (single bond) Suffix: –ane Example: Ethane
Alkanes
Inside 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Meth
Eth
Prop
But
Pent
Hex
Hept
Oct
Non
Dec
Based on the table above, draw a methane and an ethane compounds.
Using the same table, create a propane structure.

7. Alkene Alkyne Formula: C=C (double bond) Suffix: –ene Example: Butene
Front
Inside
Formula: C=C (triple bond) Suffix: –yne Example: Hexyne --
Alkyne

8. Attachments or Side Chains
ALKYLS
# of Carbons
Methyl 1
Ethyl 2
Propyl 3
Butyl 4
HALOGENS
NAME Cl
Chloro Br
Bromo F
Fluoro I
Iodo

9. Rules for Naming Alkanes
Find longest chain  write name
# parent C- chain  lowest # for the attachment
Name attachment (see alkyls or halogen table)
Indicate which Carbon (#) attachment is found
Multiple attachments that are the same type state # using prefix (ex. di, tri)
#-prefix-alkyl (alphabetized)-base alkane

10. #1 #2 #3 #4

11. 3-methyl pentane
3-ethyl-2-methyl pentane
3,4-dimethyl hexane
2,2,3-trimethyl butane

12. Alkenes and Alkynes (Chp.20.7)
--- double and triple bonds in a hydrocarbon chain --- rules are similar to alkanes except: *-ene for double bonds *-yne for triple bonds *# of where multiple bonds use lowest

13. Practice: Name the following#1 #2

14. ANSWER #1 #2
3-methyl-1-butene
2,2-dimethyl -1-propene

15. Alkene and Alkynes Practice Problems: Draw the structure
1.) 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexene
2.) 4-methyl-2-pentene
3.) 3-methyl-1-pentyne
4.) 6-ethyl-2-octyne
5.) 2-iodo-3,4-diethyl-4-methyl-2-hexene
6.) 2-bromo-4-ethyl-5,6-dimethyl-4-octyne
Bromo-5-Ethyl-6-Propyl-5,8-decene

16. CLASS ACTIVITY: Functional Groups Note Cards page 660-670
General Formula
Examples
Naming Rules/ Properties/Uses
Amines
Ethers
Alcohols
Aldehydes
Ketones
Carboxylic acid
Esters

17. Amines *Formula: *Example: Ethylamine * Naming: * Properties:
suffix use --amine
Front
Very similar to ammonia, reactive to water
Inside

18. Alcohol *Formula: R -OH
*Example: Ethanol * Properties: product of distillation
*Formula: R -OH
Alcohol
*Naming: suffix use --ol
Front
Inside

19. Ethers *Formula: *Example: Methyl Propyl Ether *Naming: * Uses:
naming each of the two carbon groups as a separate word followed by a space and the word ether.
Front
Diethyl ether was once used extensively as an anesthetic
Inside

20. Ester O *Formula: R-C-O-R’ *Example: Methyl Ethanoate
*Naming: The shorter C- chain will be the side group, the longer will be the main name with suffix –oate
Front
Inside

21. Aldehydes O *Formula: R-C-H *Example: Propanal * Naming: * Properties:
suffix use --al
Front
Found at the end of C-chains
Inside

22. Ketones O *Formula: R-C-R’
*Example: 2-pentanone * Naming: * Properties:
*Formula: R-C-R’
Ketones
suffix use --none
Front
Found in the middle of chain
Inside

23. Carboxylic Acid O *Formula: R-C-O-H
*Example: Pentanoic Acid * Naming: * Properties:
*Formula: R-C-O-H
Carboxylic Acid
suffix use --oic
Front
Some common named compounds include formic acid and acetic acid
Inside

24. CLASS ACTIVITY: Functional Group Notecards
Create the rest of the cards using the same set up for each functional group. Use your textbook for resource. (NOTE: create your cards by cutting out a printer paper into 8 equal size note cards)
Per. 1-3– page
Per. 4-6—page
*Remaining Functional Groups:
Alcohols/Aldehydes/Ketones/Carboxylic Acid/Esters

25. What is an isomer?
*Using your materials create a saturated (4 bonds) hexane structure.
* Rearrange your hexane and create an isomer.
Original stucture is called n-hexane but isomers can be called isohexane

26. Naming Alkanes: Practice Problems
Pt. I: Draw the following alkanes
1.) 2,3-dimethylhexane
2.) 3-ethyl-4-dimethylheptane
3.) 5-ethyl-3-methyloctane
4.) 7-butyl-2,4-dimethyl-6-propyldecane
Pt. II: Name the following alkanes 6. 5.

27. Check Practice Problem pg. 648
4. a. 3-methylheptane b and c. 2,3-dimethylbutane d. 2,3,4- trimethylheptane 5. Isomers of C8H18

28. Create Flash Cards/ Playing Cards
DRAW EACH ONE
Methane
CH4
METHYL
DRAW
Ethane
C2H6
ETHYL
Propane
C3H8
PROPYL
Butane
C4H10
ISOPROPYL
Pentane
C5H12
BUTYL
Hexane
C6H14
ISOBUTYL
Heptane
C7H16
Octane
C8H18
ALKANE
HYDROCARBON/ SINGLE BONDS
Nonane
C9H20
ALKENE
HYDROCARBON/ DOUBLE BONDS
Decane
C10H22
ALKYNE
HYDROCARBON/ TRIPLE BONDS

30. Flow Chart to determine functional groups

31. Practice Problem: Identify what type of functional group and name the structure
(alcohol) 2-butanol
(ester) Ethyl propanoate
(amines) methylamine
(carboxylic acid) ethanoic acid

32. 5. 6. 7. 8. 5. (aldehyde) ethanal 6. (ethers) ethyl methyl ether
5. (aldehyde) ethanal
6. (ethers) ethyl methyl ether
7. (ketone) 3- pentanone
8. (aldehyde) propanal

33. Create functional group structures

34. AROMATICS BENZENE RING– distinct smell/ 6-carbon ring/ one one plane
Ethyl benzene
Propyl benzene
2,4,6 trinitrotoluene (TNT)

35. Other Aromatic

36. POLYMERS Repeating monomers or smaller subunits
Organic substances and synthetic substances
What are some examples of polymers?

37. Examples
Ex. proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, plastic, rayon, styrofoam etc.

38. Symbol
Type of material
Polyethylene terephalate (PET or PETE)
High density  polyethylene  (HDPE)
Polyvinyl chloride  (V or Vinyl or PVC)
Low density  polyethylene  (LDPE)
Polypropylene(PP)
Polystyrene (PS)
Other

41. Article: Thirsty Polymers
What polymer is used in baby diapers and simulates the inside portion of cactus? What is the potential amount of water that can be absorbed by this polymer.
List 5 common examples of polymers?
Explain how this polymer is able to absorb water (include the discussion of cross-linkers)
4. If the water is a salt solution, how would this
affect the absorption capability. Explain.
5. What are the other uses of this polymer (in use
and in development)?