1. "A man who is good enough to shed his blood for the country is good enough to be given a square deal afterwards." ~Theodore Roosevelt

2. 1. Describe the overall feeling of Europe about war between the 1850’s and 1900:
Progress had made war a thing of the past.
Peace congresses met often and hundreds of peace organizations were active.
War wouldn’t occur

3. 2. What is a positive and negative of nationalism?
Positive- can unify a country
Negative- can cause intense competition between nations with each seeking to overpower the other.

4. 3. What were the 6 great powers of Europe at the turn of the 20th century?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, and France.

5. 4. How did nationalism create rivalries through the competition over materials and markets?
Great Britain led Europe in Industry, finance and shipping.
Germany began to industrialize and seek new markets and materials to challenge GB for industrial dominance.

6. 5. How did nationalism create rivalries through territorial disputes?
France lost the Alsace-Lorraine region to Germany in the Franco-Prussian War.
Austria-Hungary and Russia tried to dominate the Balkans.

7. 6. How did imperialism create rivalries and mistrust?
European countries fiercely competed for overseas colonies.
France and Germany nearly go to war over Morocco in North Africa.

8. 7. Why would militarism build pride in ones country?
In order to be great a country must have a large standing military.
How do you feel on the 4th of July? Or when the jets fly overhead?

9. 8. What do you think of when you hear the word “alliance”?

10. 9. Who was the chancellor of Prussia that was able to unify all of Germany?
Otto Von Bismarck

11. 10. Why did the chancellor see France as the greatest threat to peace?
He believed France still wanted revenge for losing the Franco-Prussian War.

12. 11. Which countries made up the Triple Alliance?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

13. 12. How did the Germany’s allies Russia and Austria view each other and why?
As bitter rivals, each trying to dominate the Balkans.

14. 13. How did Germany’s foreign policy change in 1890?
Kaiser Wilhelm II forced Bismarck to resign because he didn’t want to share power with anyone.
Let treaty with Russia lapse.

15. 14. What alliance was Bismarck’s greatest fear and why?
France-Russia
It would force Germany to fight a two-front war.

16. 15. What are the two ways the impulsive Kaiser challenged Britain?
Started a colonial empire and created
Started to build a navy to rival GB

17. 16. What was Britain’s response?
Forms an entente with France in 1904.
Forms the Triple Entente with France and Russia in 1907.

18. 17. How was the Triple Entente different from other alliances?
Britain was not bound to fight with France and Russia
Ensured that Britain would not fight against them.

19. 18. Why were the Balkans considered a “powder keg” of Europe?
Home to an assortment of ethnic groups
Long history of nationalist uprisings and ethnic clashes.

20. 19. What new nations were created with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire?
Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia

21. 20. How was nationalism a powerful force in these new nations?
The new nations wanted to expand their borders and hoped to absorb members of the dominant ethnic groups into their nations.

22. 1880’s Christian Armenians began to demand their freedom from the Ottoman Empire. (Turks)
Turks began to persecute the Armenians.
War breaks out and the Armenians pledge to fight against the Turks. Turkish govt responds by deporting 2 million Armenians. Over 600,000 Armenians die of Starvation or were killed by Turkish soldiers.
21. Summarize the Armenian Massacre:

23. 22. What area did Austria annex in 1908?
Bosnia and Herzegovina

24. 23. Explain the reasons for the hostility between Austria-Hungary and Serbia.
Austria-Hungary feared that Serbia’s growth would incite Slavic peoples within its own territory
Serbia resented Austria-Hungary’s annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

25. 24. Who was the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian throne and what happened to him on June 28, 1914?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Assassinated as he was visiting Sarajevo the capital of Bosnia.

26. 25. Who was the assassin and what was his nationality?
Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian black hand member.

27. 26. How did Kaiser Wilhelm II view the assassination and what was his offer?
As an excuse to punish Serbia.
Urged Austria to be aggressive and offered Germany’s unconditional support.

28. 27. Even though Serbia agreed to most of the ultimatum the Austrians still declared war. Do you think the war was inevitable? Why or why not?

29. 28. What was Russia’s response to Austria’s declaration of war?
Ordered the mobilization of troops towards the Austrian border.

31. Who’s who in WWI

32. Kaiser Wilhelm II Germany
Wants to show the world Germany’s strength and gain territory
Backed Austria in its war with Serbia
Declares war on Russia and France

33. Franz Joseph Austria-Hungary
Wanted to establish dominance over the Balkans.
Has the support of Germany and is encouraged to attack Serbia

34. David Lloyd George Great Britain
Gets drawn into the war when Germany invades Belgium.
Declares war on Germany

35. Czar Nicholas II Russia Allied with Serbia, declares war on Austria.
Moves troops to the German border.

36. Vittoro Orlando Italy Originally neutral at the beginning of the war.
When Germany invaded Belgium, Italy felt they were not obligated to fight with them.
Joins the allies, nine months into the war.

37. Georges Clemenceau France Protects its border from German invasion.
Primarily Defensive war.
Supports the idea of “total war” and will not surrender to Germany.

38. Woodrow Wilson United States
Offered to mediate peace in 1916, was refused.
Kept the US out of the war until 1917.
Enters the war to keep "the world safe for democracy."