1. Blood types & disorders
Blood notes
Blood types & disorders

2. Review
What is another name for a rbc?
erythrocyte
A wbc?
leukocyte
What are the formed elements?
living blood cells in plasma – rbc’s (erythrocyte), wbc’s (leukocyte), platelets
Which blood cell carries O2 ?
erythrocyte (rbc)

3. What is hematopoiesis?
erythrocyte (rbc) production
What controls erythrocyte production?
erythropoietin
Where is erythropoietin made?
kidneys when O2 level is low
What does Hb do?
carries O2 in rbc
What is it called when a wbc squeezes through a capillary?
diapedesis

4. What are the 3 types of granulocytes?
neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
What are the 2 types of agranulocytes?
monocyte, lymphocyte
What is responsible for an organ transplant rejection?
lymphocyte
What is another name for platelets?
thrombocytes
What are the components of plasma?
Water, proteins, electrolytes, O2, CO2 , nutrients, waste – MOSTLY WATER

5. What is the process of blood clotting called?
hemostasis
What does serotonin do in the clotting process?
causes blood vessels to spasm
What forms a mesh covering at the end of the clotting process?
fibrin

6. Interesting Blood Fact
Is all blood red?
No. Human blood is red due to the iron in the blood however crabs have blue blood. Their blood contains copper instead of iron. Earthworms and leeches have green blood - the green comes from an iron substance called chlorocruorin. Many invertebrates, such as starfish, have clear or yellowish blood.

7. BLOOD TYPES & TRANSFUSIONS
the body replaces blood but only so fast
a transfusion may be needed to replace large amounts of blood
ABO Blood Groups
blood must be matched to the correct type to prevent transfusion reactions (AGGLUTINATION)
ABO groups are based on A & B ANTIGENS – the body only recognizes its own antigen

8. Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O
antigen A B
A & B
none
Anti – A Anti – B
antibody
Anti - B
Anti - A
none
Universal recipient
type AB – can receive any type of blood
Universal donor
type O – can give blood to any other group

9. Rh Blood Groups
Rh antigen is carried in humans – Rh+ if you have it, Rh- if you don’t
this gives another factor for transfusions: A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, O-
the transfusion reaction is slower with Rh groups – blood becomes sensitized and produces anti Rh antibodies for the 2nd transfusion
Pregnancy
Rh- mother carries Rh+ baby
1st baby ok
2nd baby: blood may be attacked by mom’s antibodies – mom needs RhoGAM shot after birth

10. BLOOD DISORDERS
Anemia
deficiency of hemoglobin – decreased O2 to body – causes fatigue
Causes: bone marrow problems, iron or vitamin B12 deficiency, sickle cell anemia (inherited in African Americans)
Hemophelia
inherited – mostly in males – results in excessive bleeding
Causes: one or more clotting factor is absent
commonly need blood transfusions

12. Leukemia
cancer of white blood cells
bone marrow produces large number of WBC’s
blood cells are immature and incapable of protecting the body
the body is then an easy target for disease and infection