1. Employee Morale and Satisfaction
MODULE # 3

2. Job satisfaction
It is the amount of pleasure or contentment associated with a job
It is the overall amount of positive feelings that individuals have towards their jobs
It is affected by various factors
Individual factors
Social factors –relationship with the peer groups
Organizational factors

3. Determinants of job satisfaction
Nature of job
Nature of supervision
Working conditions
Rewards
Opportunities for promotion
Employee morale

4. Employee Morale
Morale is defined as the capacity of a group of people to pull together persistently in pursuit of a common purpose
It represents a combination of feelings,attitude and sentiments that contribute to general feelings of satisfaction

5. Morale vs Motivation
Motivation is a process which stimulates individuals to action to accomplish certain goals
Motivation is something that makes a person move towards that action

6. Indicators of low morale
High rate of absenteeism
Excessive complaints and grievances
Frustration among workers
Friction among workers and their groups
Antagonism towards leadership of the organization
Lack of discipline

7. Morale should be kept high ….
Willing cooperation towards objectives of the organization
Loyalty to the organization
Voluntary conformity to the rules and regulations ie good discipline
High degree of employee interest in their jobs
Reduction in the rate of absenteeism

8. How to improve the morale
Fair remuneration
Incentive system
Congenial working environment
Proper placement of employees utilizing the skills ,interest and aptitudes
Two way communication
Training
Workers participation
Social activities
Counseling

9. Methods to assess employee morale
Observation of employee attitude and behaviour
Attitude or moral survey
Use of morale indicators
Use of suggestion boxes

10. Workers participation in management
Workers participation in management means giving scope for workers to influence the managerial decision making process at different levels by various forms in the organization

11. Objectives of WPM
Increasing productivity for the general benefit of the firm
Giving the employees a better understanding of their role in the industry
Satisfied the urge of the workers for self expression
Achieving industrial peace ,better relations and increased cooperation

12. Modes of participation
Works committee
Joint management councils
Collective bargaining
Co-patnership
Suggestion schemes
Grievance procedure
Quality circle

13. WPM at TISCO TISCO consist of a three-tiered system with
Joint department councils (JDCs)
Joint works councils (JWC) for the entire work,
Joint consultative council of management (JCCM) at the top level.

14. JDCs
advise on the steps necessary to promote and rationalize production, improve productivity and discipline and economize cost. Promotion of welfare and safety, encouragement of suggestions and improvement of working conditions also looked into
JDSs have discussed a total of 14,104 suggestion of which 70.3 per cent have been implemented.
JWCs
discharge special function of reviewing every month the working of JDCs and other committees such as Suggestion Box Committee, Safety Committee, Canteen Managing Committee, etc.

15. JCCM was given the task of advising management on production and welfare and also looking at matters referred to by JDCs and JWCs

16. Suggestion schemes @ organisations
Motorola reduced the number of defects in its products by 80 percent by having an effective suggestion scheme
ITC follows a suggestion scheme (an employee involved plan) for continuous improvement –seeking suggestions in the areas of productivity ,waste reduction,safe work practices and quality of work etc

17. Grievances
Grievance means any real or imaginary feeling of dissatisfaction and injustice which an employee has about his employment relationship.

18. DEFINITION
“ A grievance is any discontent or dissatisfaction, whether expressed or not, whether valid or not, arising out of anything connected with the company that an employee thinks, believes or even feels, is unfair,unjust or inequitable”

19. Causes of Grievances Grievances arising out of Working Conditions
arising from Management policy
arising from Alleged violation of certain rules
arising out of Personal Maladjustment

20. Effects of Grievances Indiscipline
Low morale and decreased productivity
High Absenteeism and turnover
Loss of faith in management
Increase in accidents
Formation of cliques
Lowering of public image of the organization

21. Understanding Employee Grievances
1. Exit Interview
2. Opinion Surveys
3. Gripe Boxes
4. Open Door Policy

22. Standard Grievance Procedure (ILC)
A voluntary Grievance procedure in pursuance to the Code of Discipline adopted in the 16th session Indian Labour Conference in
It contains Five successive time bound steps each leading to the next in case the aggrieved employee prefers an appeal.

23. GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE