1. EVOLUTION
Evidence of Change

2. Living Things are Adapted to Their Environment
ADAPTATIONS:
traits that make living things able to survive its environment.
can be physical or behavioral

3. Physical Adaptation

4. Behavioral Adaptation

5. Evolution
modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.

6. Charles Darwin: “Origin of Species”
HMS Beagle
5 year voyage, started 1831
99.9% of all species are extinct.
Very analytical/observant

7. Darwin’s questions: Where did this diversity of life come from?
Why have many of them disappeared?

8. Darwin’s Points C.O.V.A 1. OVERPRODUCTION
More offspring produced than survive.
not enough food or space for all offspring.
Exs. Fish eggs, dandelions, insects etc.

9. Darwin’s Points 2. COMPETITION
Struggle to survive.
Competition for food, water, space, soil, mates.

10. Darwin’s Points 3. VARIATION
Organisms of same species are similar. But they have differences (Variations)
If a group of people are running from a bear its not important to be the fastest. Just faster than some.

11. Darwin’s Points 4. Natural Selection is always taking place
Survival of the fittest
Organisms best suited to their environment 1.survive 2.reproduce 3.pass on their traits
Organisms less fit reproduce fewer offspring

15. Patterns of Evolution
Convergent Evolution: unrelated species become more similar as they adapt to the same kind of environment
Analogous structures associated with convergent evolution
Shark fins/Porpoises………fish/mammal
Divergent Evolution: two or more related populations or species become more and more dissimilar; habitats differing can = new species

16. Patterns of Evolution
Adaptive Radiation: type of divergent; many related species evolve from single ancestral species
Galapagos Finches
Artificial Selection: breeding of organisms by humans for specific phenotypic characteristics
Speeds up divergence; dogs (Canis familiaris)
All species today from divergence over long periods of time

17. Charles Darwin

18. Convergent Evolution

24. Evidence for Evolution
Similarities in early development
Similarities body structure
Similarities in chemical compounds

25. Similarities in early development
Embryos are organisms at early stages of development
Embryos of many different animals appear similar during early stages of development

27. Similarities Body Structure
Homologous structures: Limbs in many species are based on the same pattern of bones. Each limb is adapted in a different way to help the organism survive.
Vestigial Organs: traces of organs that are no longer used by animals. For ex: small legs in snakes, appendix, lump in the corner of eye, miniature tail bones.

29. Similarities in Chemical Compounds
All organisms use DNA to carry information from one generation to the next.