1. Chapter 8: The Growing Rock Monster (1970-1975)

2. Two important changes occurred in 1970s rock music
Initiated by 1960s pioneers:
Beatles
Beach Boys
Bob Dylan
Rock music shifted from emphasis on the single to the album
Rock shifted from music for dancing to music for listening

3. The expansion of rock musical styles was accomplished by incorporating other musical styles
Classical music
Electronic music
Jazz

4. Blues-based British rock

5. Roots in the Rolling Stones, Yardbirds, and Cream
Rolling Stones introduced the Chicago electric blues to white American teenagers in the 1960s
Yardbirds came in the wake of the Stones with talented guitarists
Eric Clapton…
Jeff Beck…
Jimmy Page…
1970s British bands built on the stylistic foundation established by the Stones, the Yardbirds, and Cream
Deep Purple
Led Zeppelin
Black Sabbath

6. Led Zeppelin
One of the most successful new British groups in the 1970s
Eight number one albums in the UK
Six number ones in the U.S.
Blend of traditional electric blues, acoustic folk, and psychedelic experimentation
"Whole Lotta Love," on the second album, blends harder rock with psychedelia

7. Led Zepplin
Their fourth untitled album (p2 uk1, 1972) contained their best example of a blend of all three styles
Led Zeppelin lyrics often dealt overtly with sexuality
"Kashmir," from Physical Graffiti (p1 uk1, 1975) deals with ancient Eastern spirituality and wisdom
The Led Zeppelin song “Stairway to Heaven” features an opening section with an acoustic guitar accompanied by recorders and deals with spiritual enlightenment…

8. "Whole Lotta Love": Hippie Blues Rock
Adaptation of a Willie Dixon blues number called "You Need Love"
Blues is clearly a central component
The song also has elements of psychedelia
Distinctively psychedelic flavor to this section
Spacey sounds…
Stereo effects…
Plant's moaning…
Guitar solo displays psychedelic blues-rock virtuosity
Similar to guitar playing by Eric Clapton and Jimi Hendrix

9. Deep Purple Formed in London in 1968
Number four single in 1968 with a version of Joe South's "Hush"
Mixed its blues-based rock with classical music
One of the first albums to use a symphony orchestra
Concerto for Group and Orchestra (uk26, 1970)
The lineup with Gillan and Glover had several hit albums in the 1970s
Deep Purple in Rock (uk4, 1970)
Fireball (p32 uk1, 1971)
Machine Head (p7 uk1, 1971)
"Smoke on the Water" and "Highway Star" were on Machine Head
These two songs have been staples of rock radio stations ever since

10. Deep Purple "Highway Star“…
Was considered influential in the development of 1970s heavy metal
Also a good example of blending rock and classical music
Also true to the hippie aesthetic: two extended instrumental solos

11. Deep Purple
"Lazy"—also on the same album—incorporates psychedelic ideas into blues rock
Begins with a moody organ solo
Blend of church music, blues, and a bit of phantom-of-the-opera
Reminiscent of Iron Butterfly's "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida"
Strong blues solos
Falsetto screams that became the model for much rock singing of the late 1970s and 1980s

12. Deep Purple
Gillan was featured on the concept album Jesus Christ Superstar…
Written by Tim Rice/Andrew Lloyd Webber
Gillan sang the part of Jesus…
Deep Purple members went on to found other groups at the end of the 1970s
Rainbow (Blackmore)
Whitesnake (David Coverdale—he replaced Gillan in 1974)
Gillan

13. Black Sabbath introduces gothic elements into metal
Started as a blues band
Decided to use horror as a trademark to get noticed
Renamed their band after the Boris Karloff film Black Sabbath
Singer Ozzy Osborne…
Guitarist Tony Iommi
Bassist Geezer Butler
Drummer Bill Ward
First track on their first album, Black Sabbath (p23 uk8, 1970), sounds like it belongs in a horror film
Tri-tone riff follows distant church bells…
Tri-tone is an interval nicknamed the "devil's interval" because of its dissonant quality…

14. The Small Faces and Humble Pie
Originally called the Small Faces
Several successful albums in the UK and a hit single in the states in the late 1960s
The album Ogden's Nut Gone Flake (uk1, 1968) was a post-Sgt Pepper concept album
"Itchicoo Park" (p16 uk3, 1967) was their only U.S. hit
Marriott left in 1969 to form Humble Pie, a blues-rock band

15. Small Faces name shortened to just the Faces
Members of Jeff Beck's band were recruited:
Singer Rod Stewart
Faces began having transatlantic hits
A Nod's as Good as a Wink to a Blind Horse (p6 uk2, 1971)—their third album
"Stay with Me" (p17 uk6, 1971)
The fourth album: Ooh La La (p21 uk1, 1973)
"Cindy Incidentally" (p48 uk2, 1973)

16. Small Faces name shortened to just the Faces
Stewart began releasing hit solo albums and singles during the early 1970s
The Faces disbanded in 1974
Stewart went solo—eventually releasing disco hits
Wood joined the Rolling Stones
Kenny Jones joined the Who after drummer Keith Moon died of an overdose

17. Humble Pie
Steve Marriott was the leader—voice was similar to Rod Stewart's
Guitarist Peter Frampton
Bassist Greg Ridley
Drummer Jerry Shirley
British hit with "Natural Born Bugie" (uk4, 1969)
Frampton then left the band for a solo career (replaced by Dave Clemson)

18. American blues and southern rock

19. Southern rock: a term that originated in the north and on the west coast…
Writers and media used the term in conjunction with southeastern bands…
Means of categorizing the music from southern states…
Served as a means of marketing an image…
Musicians themselves didn't necessarily think much about it…

20. Allman Brothers Band and southern rock
Duane Allman: a favorite studio guitarist at Fame Studios in Muscle Shoals…
Put a band together in 1969
Brother Gregg Allman on vocals and organ
Three important influences on their music:
Blues
British blues-rock bands

21. Allman Brothers Band and southern rock
The band's first successful album was their third—a double live album..
Live at the Fillmore East (p13, 1971)
"Whipping Post" (from their first album) exemplifies their live blues soloing abilities…
Duane Allman was killed in a motorcycle accident in 1971 and Barry Oakley in 1972
Eat a Peach (p4, 1972)
One of their most successful albums
"Ramblin' Man" (p2) by Dickey Betts demonstrates country influences

22. Lynyrd Skynyrd
Named after a high school teacher they didn't like—they re-spelled the name…
Signed with Al Kooper's label, Sounds of the South, in Atlanta…
The band thought they shouldn't be on the same label as the Allman Brothers
Several successful albums during the 1970s
Songs featured lots of guitar
Lyric topics often focused on stories of life in the south

23. Lynyrd Skynyrd Several hit singles "Sweet Home Alabama" (p8, 1974)
(Prompted by the song “Southern Man” by Neil Young)…
"Saturday Night Special" (p27, 1975)
"What's Your Name" (p13, 1977)
"Free Bird" was on the live album One More from the Road (p9 uk17, 1976)
A staple on rock radio playlists ever since
Ronnie Van Zant was killed in plane crash in 1977 days after the release of Street Survivors

24. Marshall Tucker Band Nobody in the band is named Marshall Tucker
Formed in 1971 by two brothers:
Eight albums in the Top 40 (six with Capricorn and two with Warner Bros.) during the 1970s including:
The Marshall Tucker Band (p29, 1973)
Searchin ' for a Rainbow (p15, 1975)
Their most successful single was "Heard It in a Love Song" (p 14, 1977)
Stronger country influence than blues

25. Charlie Daniels Band Formed his own band in the early 1970s
Style is more country than rock
Daniels is older than the other southern rock musicians
Southern rockers looked up to him as a mentor
Five Top 40 albums between 1975 and 1982
Daniels had a number three hit single in 1979
"The Devil Went Down to Georgia“…
That song became Charlie Daniels's trademark song

26. American blues-based rock outside the southeastern states

27. Santana Led by Carlos Santana
Gained recognition at the Woodstock festival
Lengthy improvisations based on jazz and blues
His style is referred to as Latin rock…
Several successful singles and albums during the 1970s
"Evil Ways" (p9, 1970) was the band's first hit
"Black Magic Woman" (p4, 1970) was on Abraxas
"Oye Como Va" (p13, 1971) Also on Abraxas
Carlos Santana is the Latino answer to Eric Clapton's elevation of blues to the virtuosic level

28. ZZ Top
Formed in Texas
Heavy reliance on blues; style is considered Texas blues
First album didn't chart, but subsequent albums did well through the 1970s into the 1980s
First Album (1971) didn't chart
Tres Hombres fared better (p8 1973)
Fandango! (p10 uk60, 1975)
The Fandango! track "Tush" (p20, 1975) is most representative of their style

29. Steppenwolf Formed in Los Angeles in the late 1960s
Singer/guitarist John Kay…
Organist Goldy McJohn…
Drummer Jerry Edmunton…
First album, Steppenwolf (p6, 1968)
Contained the hit single, "Born to Be Wild" (p2, 1968)
Steppenwolf the Second (p3, 1969)
The single "Magic Carpet Ride" (p3, 1968) was on that album
Disbanded after a Valentine's Day concert in 1972

30. Three Dog Night Formed in Los Angeles
Early records produced by Brian Wilson…
Three lead singers
Several hit songs by up-and-coming songwriters of the time
Harry Nilsson's "One" (p5, 1969)
Laura Nyro's "Eli's Coming" (p10, 1969)
Randy Newman's "Mama Told Me (Not to Come)" (p1, 1970)

31. Grand Funk Railroad Formed in Flint Michigan in the late 1960s
The band was successful almost immediately
On Time (p )
Their next nine albums were in the Billboard Top 10
We're an American Band (p2, 1973)
Shinin On (p5, 1974)
The single "Shinin On" (p11, 1974)
"Some Kind of Wonderful" (p3, 1975) was their last hit

32. The Doobie Brothers
Based in San Francisco with blues-rock style similar to Edgar Winter and Grand Funk
Heavy rock guitars and drums
1960s black pop influenced vocals
Knack for a good pop hook
Producing rock songs that fit nicely into evolving FM radio formats

33. The Doobie Brothers Several hit albums and singles
Toulouse Street (p21, 1972)
Contained the hit "Listen to the Music" (p11, 1972)
The Captain and Me (p7, 1973)
Contained "Long Train Runnin'" (p8, 1973)
Also on that album: "China Grove" (p15, 1973)
What Were Once Vices Are Now Habits (p4 uk19, 1974)
Placed on the UK chart
Included the single "Black Water" (p1 1974)

34. Aerosmith Comparable to the Rolling Stones
Lead singer Stephen Tyler similar in appearance and stage performance to Jagger of Rolling Stones…
Guitarist Joe Perry's tough-guy demeanor paralleled that of Richards
Gradually rose to consistent hit success
Blues classic "Train Kept a Rollin'"
More successful releases beginning in 1975 promoted FM radio airplay of earlier work
Rocks (p3, 1976)
Re-release of "Walk This Way" (p10, 1976)

35. Progressive rock: Big ideas and high ambition

36. The differences between blues-rock bands and progressive rock
The hippie aesthetic was applied to blues-rock bands
Some bands blended in classical, folk, or country elements
Others focused on virtuosic soloing influenced by blues and jazz
Some engaged serious issues in their lyrics
Progressive rock bands applied more techniques and concepts found in classical music
Applied psychedelia in a more intellectual way
Less (if any) emphasis on blues as a foundation of the songs

37. The differences between blues-rock bands and progressive rock
4. British progressive rock bands embraced the concept album
Elaborate covers inspired by Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
Lyrics avoided romantic themes or sexual prowess
5. Lyrics for progressive rock were more philosophical
Religion and spirituality
Politics and power
The forward march of technology
Existential angst
Continued the hippie aesthetic attitude that music should provide a "trip"

38. Moody Blues First success was the single "Go Now" (p10 uk1, 1965)
First classical music concept album: Days of Future Past (p3 uk27, 1967)
It was composed as a song suite and incorporated orchestral interludes between songs…
Their label, Decca, asked them to record a rock version of Dvorak's "New World Symphony"
Purpose: Stereo demonstration record to sell Decca Stereo units
Result: long suite connected by professionally arranged orchestral interludes
“Nights in White Satin”

39. Procol Harum Also blended classical music with rock
"A Whiter Shade of Pale" (p5 uk1, 1967)
Vocal part similar to Percy Sledge's "When a Man Loves a Woman"
Harmonic progression drawn from a cantata by J. S. Bach
Several successful albums
Salty Dog (p32 uk27, 1969)
Procol Harum in Concert (p5 uk48, 1972)
Grand Hotel (p21, 1973)

40. The Who and their big projects
They experimented with adding classical music ideas to their music in the 1960s
Two projects laid groundwork for Tommy (p4 uk2, 1969)
"A Quick One While He's Away" from A Quick One (1966)
"Rael" from The Who Sell Out (uk13, 1968)

41. Tommy
Deaf, dumb, and blind boy Tommy gains spiritual enlightenment through playing pinball
When Tommy is cured he's cast as a guru, with great wisdom
Tells followers they must give up pot and drinking, mute their senses and play pinball
Followers reject him and hard work he requires
The message is that spiritual enlightenment is difficult to attain

42. Emerson, Lake and Palmer
Keith Emerson was the keyboardist for the Nice
Known for elaborate stage presence
Borrowed Jimi Hendrix's idea of breaking up (or seeming to) his instruments
The Nice toured with the Jimi Hendrix Experience in the 1960s
The Nice and King Crimson toured together in the United States during 1969
Emerson and Greg Lake decided to form their own band
Added drummer Carl Palmer from Arthur Brown's band and became Emerson, Lake & Palmer (ELP)

43. Emerson, Lake and Palmer
They created profoundly creative albums, incorporating in reworked classical pieces
They continued to be counted as one of the most successful bands of the 1970s
Trilogy (p5 uk2, 1972)
Brain Salad Surgery (p11 uk2, 1973)
The King Crimson album In the Court of the Crimson King
set the foundation for the style of other 1970s progressive rock bands…

44. Jethro Tull Started as a blues band with many personnel changes
Concept albums focused on religion and spirituality, bourgeoisie values, and life after death

45. Jethro Tull Aqualung (p7 uk4, 1971)…
Condemns society's treatment of the poor…
A bitter indictment of the Church of England…
Thick as a Brick (p1 1972)
A setting of a poem by a fictitious child: "Little Milton"
An attack on bourgeois values (including religion)
A Passion Play (p1 uk13, 1973)
Takes on the topic of life after death and reincarnation
Thick as a Brick and A Passion Play are each one continuous track from start to finish
There had to be a break in the middle to turn the record over
All other albums were divided up into individual tracks

46. Yes Led by vocalist Jon Anderson
Concerned with spirituality inspired by Eastern religious ideas
The third album, Fragile (p4 uk7, 1971), was the first by the band's definitive lineup
Vocalist Jon Anderson…
Guitarist Steve Howe
Bassist Chris Squire
Drummer Bill Bruford
Flamboyant multi-keyboardist Rick Wakeman
Most accomplished musicians of the time
Howe, Squire, Wakeman, and Bruford consistently won awards for their playing

47. A look at Yes's use of classical concepts in a rock song: "Roundabout" from the Fragile album
A complex formal structure is made out of shorter familiar sections
Compound AABA form that we saw in Led Zeppelin's "Whole Lotta Love"

48. Genesis
Combined elements of theater with progressive rock arrangements
Peter Gabriel: Vocals and theatrics…
Phil Collins: Drums
Michael Rutherford: Bass
Tony Banks: Keyboards
Band focused on lengthy, carefully worked out arrangements
Gabriel spun bizarre stories that he acted out onstage
Costumes and props were used
Some costumes were so elaborate that Gabriel had difficulty singing into the mic

49. Genesis
The albums were concept albums based on profound sociological scenarios
Nursery Cryme (1971) contains a track called "The Musical Box"
Gabriel portrays a reincarnated spirit that has aged seventy years
Also factored in is seventy years of pent-up sexual frustration
The feature track on Foxtrot (uk1, 1972) is the twenty-minute "Supper's Ready"
Gabriel plays the role of the returning Messiah
In live performance, Gabriel is lifted up off the stage with wires
Continued the hippie aesthetic attitude that music should provide a "trip"
The album The Lamb lies Down on Broadway (p41 uk10, 1974) features a main character named Rael
Rael is wandering the land caught between death and rebirth

50. Pink Floyd
The band continued the psychedelic era approach in the sounds of their albums
Many of their lyrics dealt with mental illness and death, after leader Syd Barrett's mental illness caused him to leave
Lyricist Waters often crafted lyrics around his father's death in WWII
The band continued into the 1970s with a string of successful albums
Umma Gumma (uk5, 1969)
Atom Heart Mother (uk1, 1970)
Meddle (uk3, 1971)
These albums relied more on electronic effects than virtuosic playing

51. Pink Floyd Stage shows were very elaborate Stunning light shows
Additional theatrical elements like a crashing airplane or a giant inflatable flying pig
The album they are most identified with is The Dark Side of the Moon (p1 uk2, 1973)…
Songs from that album have been a staple of FM radio since the 1970s
The album The Wall (p1 uk3, 1979) was another of their most successful projects…
References to Waters's father's death can be found in the album

52. Progressive rock overview
Impressive lighting and prop effects during performances
Rock musicians as virtuoso performers is a
Characteristic that links progressive rock to Hendrix and Clapton
Also links progressive rock to 1970s jazz rock
Progressive rock extends the psychedelic era concepts of the 1960s
Concept albums
Rock operas
Notion of addressing important and serious-minded issues
Roots that extend as far back as the playlets of Leiber and Stoller
Progressive rock remains most faithful to the hippie aesthetic

53. Jazz-rock fusion

54. Jazz and the studio musician
Clapton and Hendrix: extended improvisations were a central component of their live shows
1970s progressive rock musicians used classical music as a model for technical virtuosity
Jazz also provided a model for many other musicians
Musical prowess of jazz players has commanded respect for decades
Jazz musicians had set high standards for musical and aesthetic excellence for decades
Emphasis is on the solo in jazz

55. Miles Davis and jazz-rock fusion
Trumpeter Miles Davis had been at the forefront of jazz since the 1940s
He noticed that Hendrix and Clapton used extended solos in their shows
Their solos were not so different from jazz solos
Rock audiences actually sat and listened to them
Rock audiences were huge—stadiums and festivals
Davis wanted to put music together that would work for large rock audiences
He formed a band that could do the job and recorded Bitches Brew (p35, 1970)
Guitarist John McLaughlin…
Keyboardist Joseph Zawinul…
Keyboardist Chick Corea…
Keyboardist Herbie Hancoc…k
Saxophonist Wayne Shorter…
Bitches Brew was the first jazz-rock fusion album

56. Jazz-influenced rock

57. Frank Zappa
Zappa spend his entire career on the fringes of popular music
His style encompasses several diverse aspects
Virtuosity
Satire and humor
Occasional bad taste
Zappa began with his band the Mothers of Invention in 1966
We're Only in It for the Money (p30 uk32, 1968) was a send-up of Sgt. Pepper, a satirical song…
Zappa frequently changed band members
Had eight more Top 40 albums

58. Steely Dan
Debut album in 1972 Can't Buy a Thrill (p 17, 1972) contained two hits
"Do It Again" (p6, 1972)
"Reelin' in the Years" (p 11, 1972)
Personnel began shifting after the first album

59. Steely Dan
Best example of this approach is the album Aja (p3 uk5, 1977)…
Aja included three hit singles
"Peg" (p11, 1977)
"Deacon Blues" (p19, 1978)
"Josie" (p26, 1978)
Guitarist Lee Ritenour's solo was improvised. Everything else was written out
All seven of Steely Dan's albums placed in the Top 40
They had ten Top 40 singles

60. Blood, Sweat, and Tears Al Kooper formed Blood, Sweat, and Tears
They were successful throughout the rest of the 1960s
The next album, Blood, Sweat, & Tears (p1 uk15, 1969) contained three hit singles
"You've Made Me So Very Happy" (p2 uk35, 1969)
"Spinning Wheel" (p2, 1969)
"And When I Die" (p2, 1969)
The album won a Grammy Award

61. Blood, Sweat, and Tears Blood, Sweat & Tears 3 (p1 uk14, 1970)
Goffin and King's "Hi-De-Ho" (p14, 1970)
"Lucretia MacEvil" (p29, 1970) was written by Clayton-Thomas
The band featured a small horn section made up of permanent members
incorporated jazz-rock horn sections…
Made the horns more central to the arrangements
incorporating jazz-rock horn sections
incorporating jazz-rock horn sections

62. Chicago Also featured a horn section in the band
Chicago Transit Authority (p17 uk9, 1969)
"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?" (p7, 1970), vocals by keyboardist Robert Lamm
Band mixed jazz arrangements with Beatles-influenced pop vocals and song elements

63. Chicago
Bassist Peter Cetera has a voice that sounds similar to Paul McCartney's
"If You Leave Me Now," (p1 uk1 1976), Cetera sings the lead vocal
Thirteen Top 40 albums during the 1970s (five of them were Top 40 in the UK)
Twenty-two Top 40 singles (three in the UK)

64. Jazz-rock fusion controversy
Jazz-rock fusion and progressive rock both ended up being invalidated by jazz and rock purists
Many jazz traditionalists considered jazz-rock a sellout to the pop-music industry
Rock purists thought jazz-rock was too concerned with instrumental virtuosity
Both styles were a continuation of the hippie aesthetic:
Freely blend styles and forms, and introduce new sounds
Embrace the result of new blends as an advancement process
The Punk rebellion joined jazz and rock purists in their attack on these styles

65. Glam rock and rock theater: Shocking characters

66. Setting the stage for rock musicians who act out a character onstage
Early influences come from Genesis and Pink Floyd
Peter Gabriel used costumes and props to act out characters from songs
Pink Floyd put on elaborate visual stage shows
During the 1970s rock shows were held in stadiums and arenas
Audiences came to expect more spectacle with the music
Imaginary aspects had already been presented in the 1960s:
Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band was an album by an imaginary band
The Doors' Jim Morrison assumed the role of the Lizard King on stage and in albums

67. Alice Cooper
A band of tough-looking hard-drinking men with a front man named Alice
Vocalist Vincent Furnier became Alice onstage
Explored theatrical aspects of horror in their albums and shows
a. live shows that drew on gruesome and ghoulish topics
Cooper finished his shows with often gruesome antics
He was hanged
Executed in an electric chair
Beheaded on a guillotine
Jim Morrison befriended and influenced Cooper in the 1960s

68. Alice Cooper
First commercial success came with Love It to Death (p35, 1971)
"I'm Eighteen" (p21, 1971) on that album explored teenage depression and anger
School's Out (p2 uk4, 1972), which contained the single "School's Out" (p7 ukl, 1972)
Billion Dollar Babies (p1 uk1, 1973)

69. Kiss
All four members of the band assumed individual character roles with makeup and costumes
Their characters were based on cartoon-like comic book type figures
They appeared on stage only in costume
For years they kept their identities a secret—which added to the appeal and mystique
Stage shows incorporated elaborate effects and spectacle
Light shows
Flames (as in circus fire-eater techniques)
Explosions
They skillfully used marketing opportunities to capitalize on its musical success

70. Kiss Albums were not as successful as their live stage shows
Kiss (p87, 1974)
Hotter Than Hell (pl00, 1974)
Dressed to Kill (p32, 1975)
Live version of "Rock and Roll All Nite" ( p ) was a turning point
The live album Alive (p9 uk49, 1976) bolstered their career
Contained songs from earlier albums
Earlier albums began to sell

71. David Bowie
David Bowie was the only British glam star able to make a significant impact in the United States
His first important success in the UK: the single "Space Oddity" (uk5, 1969)
It eventually placed on U.S. charts (p15, 1973)
In the early 1970s Bowie formed the Spiders from Mars
He also created the character of Ziggy Stardust for an album:…
The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (p75 uk5, 1972)
watch?v=iYYRH4apXDo

72. David Bowie Bowie eventually rose to stardom in the United States
The album David Live (p8 uk2, 1974)
American success continued with Young Americans (p9 uk2, 1975)
That album contained the single "Fame" (p1 uk17, 1975)
Station to Station (p3 uk5, 1976) solidified Bowie's stardom in America
Similarities and the differences between David Bowie and Alice Cooper
Both adopted a stage persona that was based in fantasy
Both pushed the boundaries of sexual and gender identities
Bowie changed characters with every album
Cooper stayed with his Alice character throughout his career

73. Singer-songwriters

74. Roots are in folk music of the 1960s (particularly Dylan and late Beatles songs
Lyrics were meant to appear as though they were from personal experience…
These artists were the antithesis of glam and theater rock artists
Singer-songwriters were perceived as genuine observers of the human condition…
Focus was on the singer-songwriter rather than elaborate instrumentation or performance…
Not unusual to see a singer-songwriter alone at a piano or playing acoustic guitar
The focus was the singer and the song

75. James Taylor
One of the first artists signed to the Beatles' new Apple label.
Sweet Baby James (p3 uk7, 1970) was recorded and released under a new label
Contained the hit "Fire and Rain" (p3, 1970)
3. Taylor had a hit single with Carole King's "You've Got a Friend" (p1 uk4, 1971)

76. Carole King Moved from songwriter into the artist role in the 1970s
Became one of the most important female artists of the 1970s
Several hit albums and singles from those albums
Tapestry (p1 uk4, 1970)
Contained "It's Too Late" (p1 uk6, 1971)
Her own version of "You've Got a Friend"
Music (p1 uk 18, 1972)
Rhymes and Reason (p2 uk40, 1972)

77. Paul Simon
Continued on as a solo singer-songwriter after a successful five years with partner Art Garfunkel
Simon increasingly added jazz elements into his music during the 1970s
Still Crazy after All These Years (p1 uk6, 1975)
"50 Ways to Leave Your Lover" (p1 uk23, 1975)
"Still Crazy After All These Years" exemplifies the mix of jazz into singer- songwriter style
Sophisticated backup tracks are played by studio musicians
The middle section features a jazz-tinged saxophone solo

78. Other important American singer-songwriters:
Carly Simon
"That's the Way I Always Heard It Should Be" (p 10, 1971)
"Anticipation" (p13, 1971)
Her album No Secrets (p1 uk3; 1973) stands as the peak of her popular appeal
Contains the single "You're So Vain" (p1 uk3, 1972)
Backup vocals by Mick Jagger (the rumored "you" in the song)…
Harry Chapin, had hits with philosophical songs about life's twists and turns
"Taxi" (p24, 1972)
"Cat's in the Cradle" (p 1, 1974)

79. Don McLean
His song "American Pie" (p1 uk2, 1972) uses symbolism to describe rock music over time
"Vincent" (p12 uk1, 1972) offers a portrait of the painter Vincent Van Gogh
Jim Croce was killed in a plane crash in 1973 with a hit song on the charts at the time
"Bad, Bad Leroy Brown" (p1, 1973) was that song
"Time in a Bottle" (p 1, 1974) a reflection on the unwelcome approach of death
Recorded months before the crash

80. British singer-songwriters
Van Morrison continued his 1960s success
Blend of jazz and rhythm and blues: Moondance (p29, 1970)
Tupelo Honey (p21, 1971)
Cat Stevens
First big hit single "Peace Train" (p7, 1971)
A string of successful albums
Teaser and the Firecat (p2 uk3, 1971)
Catch Bull at Four (p 1 uk2, 1972)
Buddha and the Chocolate Box (p2 uk3, 1974)

81. Elton John. First big hit single: "Your Song" (p8 uk7, 1971)
First singer/song writer to employ a rock band to accompany him…
First big hit single: "Your Song" (p8 uk7, 1971)
Elton John's songs are all written with lyricist Bernie Taupin
The John-Taupin partnership reflects the Tin Pan Alley/Brill Building songwriting teams
John formed a band in the early 1970s

82. Joni Mitchell
Joni Mitchell came through the folk music scene in the 1960s
Judy Collins recorded her song "Both Sides Now" (p8 uk14, 1968)
One of the most eclectic songwriters in the 1970s
Her biggest commercial success was Court and Spark (p2 uk14, 1974)
Contained the single "Help Me" (p7) and)
She explored esoteric jazz with Mingus (p 1 7 uk24, 1979)

83. Neil Young
Young was a member of the Buffalo Springfield during the 1960s
Also appeared occasionally with Crosby, Stills and Nash on albums and in concert
Had a very successful solo career with several albums placing high on the charts
Beginning with After the Gold Rush (p8 uk 7, 1970)
Contained "Southern Man"
Lynyrd Skynyrd answered it in the lyrics to "Sweet Home Alabama“…
Greatest commercial and critical success with Harvest (p1 uk1, 1972)
Contained the hit "Heart of Gold" (p1 uk1, 1972)
Young's singing style differed from most other singer-songwriters at that time
Young's voice is frequently thin, somewhat out of tune, and seemingly unsure
These traits can be beneficial—suggesting an "everyman" quality

84. Gordon Lightfoot
Known for more traditional approach to songwriting and singing style
More closely aligned with folk music:
Thoughtful lyrics
Clear baritone voice
Lightfoot had several hits in the 1970s
"If You Could Read My Mind" (p5 uk30, 1971)
"Sundown" (p1 uk33, 1974)
"The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" (p2 uk40, 1976)

85. Country rock

86. Why country rock Simple honesty
Country music has always presented itself as "down-home" music
Reflecting on values and situations shared by people concerned about basic daily life issues
Lyrics are built around direct concepts
Music is easy to remember and learn
In the late 1960s country rock was a reaction against the excesses of psychedelia…
In addition to Nashville, Bakersfield, California became a destination for many rock musicians attempting to connect with the country side of the music business

87. Crosby, Stills, and Nash (csn)
Blended the folk rock of the Byrds with jazz, country, and blues
David Crosby
Steven Stills
Graham Nash
They got together and recorded Crosby Stills and Nash (p6 uk25, 1969)
Neil Young joined them on the next album Deja Vu (pl uk5, 1970)…
The following album was the live album, Four Way Street (p1 uk5, 1971)
"Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" (p21, 1969) was on that album
Good example of the band's blend of a range of musical concepts
Acoustic and electric instruments
Close vocal harmony
Catchy pop songwriting

88. The Band
They worked with Dylan in Woodstock, New York, during the late 1960s
They released a series of successful albums, including
The band's first hit single was "Up on Cripple Creek" (p25, 1970)
"The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down" was on the B-side…
The song tells the story of the fall of the south during the Civil War
Uses country and folk styles

89. Creedence Clearwater Revival
1960s band from the San Francisco Bay area
John and Tom Foggerty on guitars
John Foggerty wrote most of the band's music
Long string of hit singles and albums
Beginning with the single "Suzie Q" (p11, 1968)
"Proud Mary" (p2 uk8, 1969)
"Bad Moon Rising" (p2 uk1, 1969)
"Fortunate Son“ was a concept album similar to Sgt. Pepper
The band became the title characters
f. Includes songs that center on a central theme…

90. The Eagles One of These Nights (p1 uk8, 1975)
California became the home of country rock by the early 1970s
The Eagles were the leading band in the style
The Eagles brought several 1960s elements together
The Eagles were a superb singing group
Primary focus was on the song
They wrote their own music
Played on their own albums
Kept close control of production
Formed by members of Linda Ronstadt's band…
The band left Ronstadt to form the Eagles
One of These Nights (p1 uk8, 1975)

91. The Eagles They consistently placed albums in the top of the charts
Desperado (p41, 1973), a country-rock concept album about the Old West
On the Border (p1 uk28, 1974)
One of These Nights (p1 uk8, 1975)
The band placed eight singles in the American Top 40 by 1975 including
"Take It Easy" (p12, 1972)
"Best of My Love" (p1, 1974)
"One of These Nights" (p1, 1975)
“Hotel California” 1976
Band abandoned its country rock sound to become even bigger rock stars

92. The Eagles' "Take It Easy"
Opening with big, brilliant folk-rock electric guitar chords..
Another electric guitar enters imitating the sound of the country steel guitar…
First verse begins with a mild western accent on the lead vocal
Beatles/Beach Boys-influenced backup vocals enter
The harmonies are set high in the male voice register…
In the second verse, a high harmony is added

93. Overview of the first half of the 1970s
New styles developed out of styles present in the psychedelic era music
There was an overall emphasis on combining styles
Country rock
Progressive rock combined classical music with rock
Jazz rock combined those two styles
The unifying factor is the hippie aesthetic
Dedication to craft
Musical ability
Artistic approach to the creative process
The result had to be enjoyable to listen to

94. Overview of the first half of the 1970s
Three things happened that brought on change in the middle of the 1970s:
Multinational corporations got involved in the music business
The punk movement began to form
Disco put dancing back at the center of popular music