1. BRICKWORK BONDING

2. CONTENTS Brickwork Bonding Principle Types of Brickwork Bonding
Reinforced Brickwork
Bonding Works
Dampness
Mortar

3. BRICKWORK BONDING PRINCIPLE
MAIN PRINCIPLE:
Provide ¼ brick or ½ brick cling (bond) (lekap) to avoid continuous vertical joint in surface or into the brick wall – for the purpose of brick wall stability.
Follow the designer requirements for the types of brick bonding – in order to control the design.
(a) Cling (bond) {Lekap} Bonding
Vertical Continuous Joint
LOAD
(b) Non Cling (bond) Bonding

4. JENIS-JENIS BATA KERATAN
BRICKWORK BONDING PRINCIPLE (cont’d)
- TYPES OF CUT BRICK IN ORDER TO FOLLOW BRICKWORK BONDING PRINCIPLE
(a) Cut Brick : ½ Brick
(b) Cut Brick : ¾ Brick
(c) Slanting (Serong) Cut Brick
JENIS-JENIS BATA KERATAN
(d) Half Cover Brick
(e) (i) ¾ Cover Brick (ii) Usage
(f) (i) Slanting Cover Brick (ii) Usage

5. EDGE BRICK BONDING (IKATAN SISI BATA)
USAGE – ½ BRICK THICK WALL.
ARRANGEMENT OF THE BRICK BY END/HEAD BRICK JOINT.
½ BRICK BOND.
1 LAYER: START WITH 1 LAYER OF EDGE BRICK.
2 LAYER: START WITH ONE ½ BRICK AND THEN FOLLOW BY EDGE BRICK UNTIL END OF BRICK CONSTRUCTION
FRONT VIEW
PLAN VIEW

6. EDGE BRICK BONDING (CON’T)
THIS TYPE OF BRICK BONDING HAVE NO HIGH SUPPORT CAPABILITY.
USAGE:
PARTITION WALL
FOUNDATION(BASE) WALL
FRAME STRUCTURE WALL
NO LOAD TO BE SUPPORTED.
¾ BRICK
½ BRICK CLING (BOND)
¼ BRICK CLING (BOND)

7. END/HEAD BRICK BONDING
(IKATAN KEPALA BATA)
CONSIST OF END/HEAD BRICK ARRANGEMENT ONLY.
MORTAR JONITS WITH ‘V’ SHAPE.
SUITABLE FOR BASE CONSTRUCTION OR WALL WITH CIRCLE /CURVE SHAPE.
FRONT VIEW
PLAN VIEW

8. INGGERIS BONDING WIDELY USED TYPE OF BONDING.
ARRANGEMENT – 1 LAYER OF END/HEAD BRICK FOLLOW BY 1 LAYER OF EDGE BRICK INTERMITTENTLY.
ONE OF HALF COVER BRICK MUST BE INSTALLED AFTER END/HEAD BRICK AT THE CORNER ON END/HEAD BRICK LAYER.
EXTERNAL SURFACE AND INTERNAL PART ARRANGEMENT OF BRICK WALL CONSTRUCTION COULD BE SAME IF WALL TICKNESS IS 1 BRICK.
EACH OF END/HEAD BRICK ON END/HEAD BRICK LAYER WILL BE ARRANGE IN THE MIDDLE OF EVERY EDGE BRICK LAYER.
STRONG TYPE OF BONDING – DO NOT CONSIST OF CONTINUOUS STRAIGHT JOINT.
FOR THE PURPOSE OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WHICH REQUIRED STRONG CAPABILITY TO SUPPORT HEAVY LOAD.
ROUGH SURFACE ESPECIALLY FOR 1 BRICK THICKNESS WALL.
COSTLY DUE TO THE USAGE OF CUT BRICK NOT ALLOW TO BE USE IN INGGERIS BONDING CONSTRUCTION.

9. INGGERIS BONDING WALL – FRONT VIEW

10. FLEMISH BONDING
ARRANGEMENT OF END/HEAD BRICK AND EDGE BRICK IN INTERMITTENT ORDER IN 1 LAYER.
ONE COVER BRICK MUST BE INSTALLED AFTER END/HEAD BRICK AT THE CORNER FOR EXISTANCE OF UNIFORM BOND – ¼ BRICK.
CONTINUOUS STRAIGHT JOINT WILL APPEAR IN THE WALL AND NOT IN THE SURFACE OF EXTERNAL WALL.
TWIN FLEMISH – IF BOTH WALL SURFACE USING FLEMISH ARRANGEMENT.
SINGLE FLEMISH - IF ONE PART IS FLEMISH BONDING AND THE OTHER PART IS INGGERIS BONDING.
DISADVANTAGES: LESS CAPABILITY TO SUPPORT HEAVY LOAD.
THIS BONDING REQUIRED MANY CUT BRICK ESPECIALLY FOR TWIN FLEMISH.
INCREASE CUTTING WORK AND BRICK WASTAGE.
ADVANTAGES: BOTH SURFACE OF WALL MORE FLAT COMPARED TO OTHER WALL – X NEED TO DO PLASTERING.
MORE ECONOMICAL BECAUSE OF MANY CUT BRICK WILL BE USED TO FORM THE BONDING.

11. FLEMISH BONDING WALL – FRONT VIEW

12. INGGERIS GARDEN WALL BONDING
SUITABLE TO BE USED FOR FENCING WALL AND PARTITION WALL WITH 1 BRICK THICKNESS.
CONSIST OF 1 LAYER OF END/HEAD BRICK FOLLOW WITH 3, 5 @ 7 EDGE BRICK LAYER
½ BRICK CLING (BOND) BETWEEN EDGE BRICK.
¼ BRICK CLING (BOND) BETWEEN EDGE BRICK WITH END/HEAD BRICK.
ADVANTAGES: FLAT BOTH OF WALL SURFACES CONSTRUCTION.

13. FRONT VIEW 3 Layer of Edge Brick Layer of End/Head Brick

14. FLEMISH GARDEN WALL BONDING
SIMILAR USAGE WITH INGGERIS GARDEN WALL BONDING.
CONSIST OF EDGE BRICK FOLLOW WITH 1 END/HEAD BRICK – INTERMITTENT ARRANGEMENT IN EVERY LAYER.
¼ BRICK CLING(BOND).
FRONT VIEW

15. MONK BONDING
FRONT VIEW
DUTCH BONDING
FRONT VIEW

16. INGGERIS CROSSBAR BONDING
MOUSETRAP BRICK BONDING
Solid Corner
Askew Brick

17. SILVERLOCK BRICK BONDING
Intermittent Layer Plan

18. ‘RAKING’ BONDING

19. BONDING AT SIDE-POST (JENANG)
SIDE-POST – STRAIGHT SURFACE FOR OPPENING AT ANY WALL TO RECEIVE DOOR AND WINDOW FRAME.
TYPES OF SIDE-POST:
(1) FACET SIDE-POST
END CORNER WALL
SUTABLE TO BE USED INSIDE HOUSE WALL.
FACET SIDE-POST – PLAN VIEW

20. (2) STOREY/EMBED SIDE-POST
CONSIST OF 3 PARTS: EXTERNAL SURFACE, INTERNAL SURFACE, EMBED.
DOOR/WINDOW FRAME INSTALL AT THE INTERNAL SURFACE IN ORDER TO AVOID WATER FROM RAIN CAUSE.
SIDE-POST AT 1 BRICK WALL WITH ¼ BRICK EMBED
SIDE-POST AT 11/2 BRICK WALL WITH ¼ BRICK EMBED
SIDE-POST AT 1 BRICK WALL WITH ½ BRICK EMBED
SIDE-POST AT 11/2 BRICK WALL WITH ½ BRICK EMBED

21. (3) SLANTING AND STOREY SIDE-POST
CONSIST OF FACET EXTERNAL SURFACE, EMBED, AND SLANTING INTERNAL SURFACE (45 – 60 DEGREE).
SLANTING PURPOSE – FOR DECORATION AND INCREASE BRIGHTNESS IN THE BUILDING WITH THICK WALL.
INTERMITTENT LAYER FOR 450 SLANTING SIDE-POST
INTERMITTENT LAYER FOR 600 SLANTING SIDE-POST

22. REINFORCED BRICKWORK
THE USE OF REINFORCED TO AVOID THICK WALL CONSTRUCTION.
THE USE OF REINFORCED INCREASED SUPPORT CAPPABILITY AT THE WALL.
BRICK WORK COULD RETAIN HIGH TENSION AND COMPRESSION STRESS.
REINFORCED WILL BE USED TOGETHER WITH HIGH QUALITY BRICK.
BRICK BONDING WILL BE USING SUTABLE CEMENT MORTAR.
LIME MORTAR NOT SUITABLE TO BE USED IN BRICK BONDING – REACTION EFFECT WITH REINFORCED STEEL.
ALL REINFORCED MATERIAL COULD BE FULLY COVERED – TO AVOID REINFORCED BECOME RUSTY.

23. REINFORCED MATERIALS (a) STEEL PLAT Steel Plat (25x2mm) – “hoop iron”
(212x212x6 mm)
Round Steel (diameter 10mm)
a) Usage of hoop iron in brickwork
(b) Reinforced Steel Brick Column
(c) Ranking bonding usage
(a) STEEL PLAT
TAR OIL TO BE USED TO AVOID STEEL PLAT BECOME RUSTY.
USAGE CONDITION:
ONE PIECE OF STEEL PLAT FOR EVERY ½ THICK BRICK WALL
NORMALLY IT WILL BE INSTALLED ON EVERY 6TH LAYER AT BRICK
WALL

24. Usage of Reinforced in Brickwork
(b) ROUND STEEL
TO BE USED FOR VERTICAL BRICK COLUMN.
USING DRILLER TO DRILL HOLE AT BRICK WALL TO INSTALL ROUND STEEL.
TO BE USED IN SPANDREL/GATEWAY (GERBANG) CONSTRUCTION (FLAT SPANDREL).
(a) Combine Lintel
(b) Reinforced Brick Lintel
Round Steel Bar
(d) Reinforced Brick Spandrel
(c) Reinforced Brick Wall
(e) Reinforced Brick Wall
Usage of Reinforced in Brickwork

25. (c) EXMET
(d) BRICKTOR
PARARREL INSTALLATION AT EVERY 3rd / 4th LAYER IN MORTAR BONDING.

26. Kasa exmet G20 (width 300mm)
for 1 ½ thick brick wall
Cling
(bond)
Kasa exmet G22 (width 175 mm)
for 1 thick brick wall
(width 62 mm)

27. EXMET

28. Slanting Joint Bonding Finishes
BONDING FINISHES WORK
TO AVOID WATER FROM ABSORB INTO BRICK WALL
ATTRACTIVE VIEW OF BRICK WALL
TYPES OF BONDING FINISHES:
(1) RANKING JOINT BONDING FINISHES
COMMON USE AND EASY TO DO
PARALLEL JOINT WITH WALL SURFACE WILL BE FORMED DURING BRICK BONDING.
MORTAR WILL BE SLANTING PRESSED ABOUT 60 DEGREE BY USING STEEL FLOAT(SUDIP).
Slanting Joint Bonding Finishes

29. FLAT JOINT FINISHES BONDING
(2) FLAT JOINT BONDING FINISHES - WILL BE DONE DURING BRICK BONDING - ADD MORTAR TO ANY JOINT WHICH LESS MORTAR AND DO THE FINISHING WORK -TO BE USED AT FLAT SURFACE WALL, FACTORY WALL, WAREHOUSE WALL AND ETC.
FLAT JOINT FINISHES BONDING

30. Embed Joint Bonding Finishes
SUITABLE TO BE USED AT BRICK WALL WHICH USE TEXTURE
SURFACE BRICK
SIMILAR THICKNESS OF BRICK
JOINT >10mm THICK
METHODS:
TAKE OUT 10 mm MORTAR FROM BRICK JOINT
USE HIGH QUALITY BRICK
USE HIGH QUALITY MORTAR TO AVOID WATER ABSORB INTO BRICK WALL
Embed Joint Bonding Finishes

31. KEY JOINT BONDING FINISHES
(4) KEY JOINT BONDING FINISHES - SEMI-CIRCLE SHAPE - UNIFORM VIEW FOR LESS QUALITY BRICK - BEFORE MORTAR HARDENING INSIDE THE JOINT, IT WILL BE PRESSED BY USING STEEL ROD TOGETHER STRAIGHT RULER TO MAKE FINISHES AT VERTICAL JOINT.
KEY JOINT BONDING FINISHES

32. Float Bonding Finishes
- RARE USAGE DUE TO TAKE LONG PERIOD OF TIME TO DO
- REQUIRED FOR BRICK JOINT AND THICK BLOCK WORK
- METHODS:
i) Form Valley at the middle of new joint by using steel float
ii) Fill thick mortar into the valley by using small steel float, floating,
and flatten using straight ruler
iii) Cut extra mortar by using small steel float and parallel with the ruler.
Float Bonding Finishes

33. DAMPNESS (KELEMBAPAN)
REASONS:
ALWAYS OCCUR AT WALL, SLAB, AND CEILING INSIDE THE BUILDING.
2 FACTORS:
(i) CONSTRUCTION METHOD MISTAKE AND MATERIALS
DEFECT.
(ii) GEOGRAPHY AND LOCAL WEATHER – RAIN WATER,
GROUND WATER, DARAINAGE AT SITE, AND
CONDENSATION.

34. DAMPNESS EFFECT: AT STEEL RUSTY PARTS WALL AND CEILING PLASTERING
FLOOR FINISHES DO NOT STICK – THE SURFACE BECOME CRUMBLY (PEROI)
PAINT PEEL OFF (MENGGELUPAS) AND TAKE OFF
ROTTEN WOOD PARTS
LICHEN (BERKULAT) BRICK SURFACE
WYRE INSTALLATION BECOME DAMAGED
UNHEALTHY LIVING ENVIRONMENT

35. ACTION METHOD TO AVOID DAMPNESS IN BUILDING
USE VERTICAL/HORIZANTAL WATER PROOF LAYER AT:
WALL
FLOOR
ROOF
Lintel (ambang)
Water Stop
Rain Valley
Dampness Resistance at Window Lintel
Wall Head (Kepala Tembok)
Front View
Water Proof Layer under Wall Head extended to Roof
Water Proof Layer
Water Proof Layer at Parapet (Tembok/Cucur Atap)
Dampness resistance at ground level

36. WATER PROOF MATERIALS
(1) CLORIDA SILICATE – WATER PROOF CHEMICAL MATERIALS
- TO BE ADDED INTO CONCRETE AND MORTAR MIXING
(2) CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
- THICK CEMENT CONCRETE MIXING (1:2:4 & 1:1 ½ :3)
- THICK CEMENT MORTAR (1:3)
- PLASTIC LAYER
(3) SEALANT
- FROM POLYSULFATE, POLYURITINE, RESIN OR BUTIMEN
RUBBER IN THE FORM OF LIQUID
- CAN BE WORK IN VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL SURFACE
- USE SPECIAL EQUIPMENT TO FILL SEALANT INSIDE THE JOINT
– METHOD – HOT FILLING AND COLD FILLING

37. (4) MEMBRANE - FROM POLYMER BITUMEN IN THE FORM OF PLAT AND LIQUID - NORMALLY THE STRENGTH OF PLAT MEMBRANE BY USING POLYSTER FABRIC - PLAT MEMBRANE WILL BE INSTALLED INTO WALL AS WATER PROOF LAYER - LIQUID MEMBRANE WILL BE FILLING IN HOT AS ONE LAYER

38. CHOOSING FACTORS FOR WATER PROOF MATERIALS
(1) LONG LASTING AND STABLE/DURABILITY MATERIALS
(2) CAPABILITY TO SUPPORT CONSTRUCTION BUILDING LOAD
(3) DO NOT SETTLE
(4) MINIMUM USAGE IF THE PLACE TO RETAIN WATER PRESSURE

39. MORTAR TO BE USED IN BRICK BONDING
CEMENT/LIMESTONE, SAND AND WATER MIXING
SUITABLE FOR MIXING RATIO – ENGINEERING BRICKWORK (1:3), ORDINARY BRICK AND PLASTERING (1:2)
THICK MORTAR MIXING SUITABLE FOR STRONG CONSTRUCTION – ENGINEERING BRICK
SAND USAGE:
REDUCE MORTAR SHRINKAGE IN ORDER TO AVOID CRACK
MORE ECONOMICAL – DUE TO CHEAP PRICE OF SAND COMPARE TO LIMESTONE AND CEMENT
HELP IN LIMESTONE HARDENING
SAND CONTROL IN ORDER TO PRODUCE HIGH QUALITY OF MORTAR
SAND MUST CLEANED AND GREDED
RIVER SAND AND MINE SAND – NORMAL USE

40. MORTAR –TYPES OF MORTAR
(1) LIMESTONE MORTAR (MORTAR KAPUR)
(i) NON HYDRAULIC LIMESTONE MORTAR
- USE OF ORIGINAL LIME FOR MORTAR MIXING
- MORTAR HARDENING IN AIR
- MIXING RATIO – 1:4 (LIME : SAND)
- NOT SUITABLE FOR GROUND WORK ESPECIALLY FOR WATERY
SOIL.
(ii) HYDRAULIC LIMESTONE MORTAR
- SAND + HYDRAULIC LIMESTONE
- FAST HARDENING, MUST BE USED AFTER 1 HOUR MIXING
- MIXING RATIO 1:3 (LIME:SAND)
- ESPECIALLY USE UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION

41. (2) COMPO MORTAR (MORTAR KOMPO)
- CEMENT-LIMESTONE MORTAR
- MIXING RATIO – 1 CEMENT: 2-3 LIMESTONE: 6 SAND
- NON HYDRAULIC LIMESTONE WILL BE USED
- FOR THE PURPOSE OF MORTAR WORKABILITY AND INCREASE
STRENGTH, CEMENT WILL BE ADDED INTO MORTAR MIXING
- SUITABLE FOR BRICK BONDING AND THICK WALL
CONSTRUCTION
- MIXING RATIO FOR THICK WALL - 1:4:12.
- THERE IS ALSO SUITABLE FOR MEDIUM QUALITY BRICK
BONDING AND PLASTERING WORK
(3) CEMENT MORTAR (MORTAR SIMEN)
- STRONGER THAN LIMESTONE MORTAR
- MIXING RATIO 1:3 - 1:6
- SUITABLE FOR COLUMN CONSTRUCTION, LOAD SUPPORT WALL, UNDERGROUND WALL

42. (4) WATER PROOF MORTAR (MORTAR KALIS AIR)
- CEMENT + WATER PROOF MATERIALS
- WATER PROOF MATERIALS – LIQUID, AND POWDER
- USAGE – WATER TANK CONSTRUCTION, POND WALL, AND UNDERGROUND LEVEL WALL
(5) FIRE RESISTANCE MORTAR (MORTAR TAHAN API)
- USAGE – BRICK BONDING IN BRICK FURNACE, CEMENT
PRODUCTION
- CONSIST OF 1 ALUMMINA CEMENT: 2 FIRE RESISTANCE
BRICK FINE POWDER

43. THANK YOU