Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Dicotyledonous Families
Fabaceae Asteraceae Lamiaceae Syed Abdullah Gilani
2
Fabaceae Leguminosae, largest family, 17,000 species
Legume, Pea or bean family Vegetables (Beans, Peas), ornamental trees (Bauhinia, Flamboyant, Cassia), fodder crops (Clover, Lucerne) and weeds (Vetches and Trefoils) Glycine max (soybean), Pisum sativum (pea), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Medicago sativa (alfalfa), Arachis hypogaea (peanuts) Distribution is worldwide Three sub-families Mimosoideae Caesalpinoideae Faboideae
3
Taxonomic Description
Vegetative Characters Habit: Herbs, shrubs, trees Roots: contain host bacteria (rhizobia) in the swollen structures of roots (nodules). Symbiotic relationship. Bacteria are involved in nitrogen fixation. They take nitrogen gas out of the air and convert it to form a nitrogen, used by the host plant (NO3-, NH3). Leaves: alternate, pinnate, compound, stipulate (leafy in pea, thorny in Robinia, or inconspicuous), sometimes leaflets evolved into tendrils (Vicia, Pisum, Lathyrus), leaf margins entire or rarely serrate
4
Floral characters Flowers: bisexual (hermaphrodite), hypogynous or perigynous Calyx: Sepals five, fused, Corolla: Petals five, free Androecium: Stamens ten, 9 are fused together and one is separate known as Diadelphous. Gynoecium: Carpel is single, ovary is single and superior Fruits: Legume (pod) which is simple dry fruit that dehisce at two sides. Ovules 2 to many.
5
Caesalpinoideae Flowers are often zygomorphic (Cercis), or rarely actinomorphic (Bauhinia), Upper petal is innermost one Cassia, Bauhinia, Cercis, Caesalpinia Mimosoideae Flowers are actinomorphic, globose inflorescence, with small petals, stamens may be more than ten. Acacia, Albizia, Mimosa, Prosopis
6
Faboideae Flowers are zygomorphic Upper petal is outermost one, larger posterior one is called Standard or Vexillum, two flanking petals are known as Wings or Alae, and the two boat shaped are known as Keel or Carinae. Keel or Carinae enclose the androecium and gynoecium
8
Floral diagram of Fabaceae
9
Flowering kudzu is a fast-growing legume with a grapelike odor.
10
Smithia conferta
11
Legume of Vicia angustifolia
12
Desmodium gangeticum
13
Indigofera gerardiana
14
Caesalpinoideae Cassia italica (Miller) Sprengl
ashriq, ishriq/leaves and seeds constipation; stomach cramps powdered leaves and seeds mixed with thyme, lemon and sugar, boiled in water, the mixture filtered and filtrate taken orally once a week
15
Fabaceae Medicinal Plants
Tephrosia apollinea (Delile) Link Dhafra/leaves; root bronchitis; cough; earache; wounds and bone fracture Ground leaves applied to the nose and inhaled to relieve nasal congestion; leaves boiled with water which is then used as eardrops; powdered leaves applied on wounds or heated with water to make a paste which is then applied to bone fractures Trigonella foenum-graecum L. helba/ entire plant Abdominal colic; bronchitis; cough/stem, leaves and root, dried and powdered, mixed with water and taken as a drink to relieve colic; seeds boiled in water with dried figs and dates, the mixture then taken as a drink for bronchitis and soothing coughs
16
Mimosoideae Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne salam/wood Paralysis
wood burnt, and the smoke placed under the affected limb Acacia gerardii Benth. Karat Resin; pods/ Sore gums; loose teeth; burns; fever resin applied to burns; gum chewed for toothache; pods powdered and used as a coolant for fevers
17
Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd.
Karat/ resin; leaves cataract; diarrhoea resin mixed with egg white, applied in the eye; leaves eaten to relieve diarrhoea/ Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Ghaf/leaves; pods; bark cataract; dyspepsia; earache; toothache; pain relief from fractured bone juice of leaves mixed with salt, used as eyedrops; fresh leaves, ground, mixed with lemon juice, taken orally for dyspepsia; extract of crushed pods used as eardrops; chewing leaves for toothache, also to strengthen teeth; bark burnt and the ashes mixed with water, applied to the site of pain in fractures
18
Medicago sativa L. qat, jat Leaves Nose bleed fresh leaves applied to the nose till bleeding stops
19
Asteraceae
20
Sunflower Family (Asteraceae) The Largest Plant Family On Earth
21
Capitulum: Inflorescence of The Sunflower Family
22
Flower heads minute in fleabane (Conyza floribunda) less than 3 mm in diameter,
to the massive seed-bearing heads of the giant sunflower (Helianthus annus).
23
Magnified view of the floral head of Hesperevax sparsiflora var
Magnified view of the floral head of Hesperevax sparsiflora var. sparsiflora showing 5 minute disk flowers surrounded by hairy bracts. The tiny head is only 3.8 mm in diameter.
24
Boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera)
Boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera). The flowers of boneseed are unusual among sunflowers because the ray flower ovaries develop into an enlarged berrylike fruit, each containing a very hard, bony seed.
25
Medicinal Values Carthamus tinctorius L. Shawrina/entire plant
conjunctivitis extract of plant mixed with salt, applied to the eye with a clean cloth Reichardia tingitana (L.) Roth. huwwa/leaves colic and constipation; conjunctivitis/ dried powdered leaves mixed with water, taken orally for colic; extract of fresh leaves mixed with Euphorbia helioscopia, myrrh and Aloe sp. (Saqal), used as eyedrops
26
Lamiaceae Labiateae Mint family, aromatic, lavender, mint (peppermint, spearmint), rosemary, basil, sage, and thyme Stem: mostly quadrangular Leaves: opposite, each pair at right angle to the previous one (called decussate) or whorled. Oblong to lanceleoate, margins serrate
27
Flowers:. Bisexual, verticellaster (look like whorled
Flowers: Bisexual, verticellaster (look like whorled but consists of two clusters) Calyx: five sepals, fused Corolla: Two lipped (bilabiate) with four subequal lobes, the upper lobe usually the largest Androecium: Stamens four, didynamous (one pair longer than the other). Gynoecium: Carpel 2, fused, 4 locules with false septa Fruits: Dry capsule, drupes, or one-seeded nutlets, one to four seeds, ovary superior
28
Floral diagram of Lamiaceae
29
Plants of the Mint Family Notice the square stems and opposite leaves.
33
Medicinal Values Ocimum basilicum L. Rehan/leaves; seeds
cataract; colds; diarrhoea/ground leaves mixed with pods of Prosopis cineraria (Ghaf) and lemon juice, used as eye drops; crushed seeds, with water, taken as a drink for colds; seeds boiled in water and taken as a drink for diarrhoea Teucrium mascatense Boiss. ja'ada/leaves colic; stomach pain; fever/leaves boiled in water or rose water for a long time, solution cooled and taken as a drink for stomachache and colic; for fever, dried leaves burnt and smoke placed under bed cover
34
Monocotyledonous Families
Poaceae Orchidaceae
35
Poaceae Gramineae, grass family 700 genera and 10, 000 monocot species
Triticum aestivum ( wheat), Oryza sativa (rice) Zea mays (corn), Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum)
36
Habit:. tufted, perennial herbs, rhizomatous or
Habit: tufted, perennial herbs, rhizomatous or stoloniferous perennials and some 'woody' types (bamboo) Roots: adventitious (arise from stem) Stem: hollow (culms) with hard internodes (nodes) Leaves: alternate, distichous (in one plane) or spiral, parallel veins. Leaf sheath encloses the stem and leaf blade free, ligules present , margins entire
37
Flowers bisexual or unisexual, corn – unisexual, wind pollinated, spikelets (one or more than more than one florets). A spikelet consists of two (or sometimes fewer) bracts at the base, called glumes, followed by one or more florets. A floret consists of the flower surrounded by two bracts called the lemma (the external one) and the palea (the internal). Perianth: reduced to 2 scales (lodicules, modified sepals)
38
Androecium: Anthers with long filaments,
Gynoecium: Fruits: single-seeded caryopsis---a grain with single, prominent cotyledon called a scutellum (the fruit has a hard pericarp, which is fastened to the embryo all the way around, e.g. corn and rice)
39
The Grass Family (Poaceae or Gramineae) Grass plant structure
40
base leaf structures
41
Leaves of Poa trivialis showing the ligules
42
BambooKyoto
43
Avena fatua var. sativa - inflorescence
44
Avena fatua var. sativa - spikelet
45
compound spikelet
46
Lolium perenne - spikelet
47
Phyllostachys nigra _folium_Blak_stem
48
Sugar_cane_ Saccharum officinarum
49
-Bamboo-yellow_stem_ Phyllostachys aurea
50
Grass flower with vestigial perianth or lodicules
52
Wheat spikelet (Triticum aestivum)
53
Wheat spikelet (Triticum aestivum) with glumes, lemma and palea opened to show the caryopsis, dried while unripe.
54
Grass flowers
55
Setaria verticillata
56
Setaria verticillata Tragus roxburghii
57
Chasmanthium latifolium-spikelet Bamboo stem and leaves, nodes are evident
58
Illustration depicting both staminate and pistillate flowers of maize (Zea mays)
59
Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane)
60
Floral diagram of Poaceae
61
The Orchid family (Orchidaceae)
62
Orchidaceae The orchid family
monocots; the largest family of plants; species estimates range between 20,000 and 38,000 species Ornamental plants herbaceous plants; or epiphytes most orchid flowers are bilaterally symmetrical flowers have three or fewer of each type of modified leaf Petals are typically in groups of three Petals are large and showy, usually with two lateral petals flanking a central, flask-shaped petal with a large lip that accommodates pollinators
63
Flowers have typically one or two stamens
Paired anthers frequently detach from the plant as free structures called pollinia The fruit is a capsule, dehiscent by three or six longitudinal slits, while remains closed at both ends. Seeds have no endosperm
65
Parts of a flower of Dactylorhiza sambucina 1= Tepals 2= Gynostemium
Parts of a flower of Dactylorhiza sambucina 1= Tepals 2= Gynostemium. Also called column. 3= Anther. Each of the two parts contain (up-down) a pollinium, caudicula and viscidium 4= Staminode. Sterile stamen. One can be seen on the other side of the column. 5= Rostellum. A membrane, involved in the prevention of self-pollination 6= Labellum. Modified tepal. 7= Ovary of another flower. The typical torsion of orchids can be seen. 8= ' 9= Style
66
Floral diagram of Orchidaceae
67
Phalaenopsis lindenii toapel
68
Corallorhiza maculata Cephalanthera longifolia plant
69
Leaves of different species of orchids
70
Cypripedium acaule has two stamens
Cypripedium acaule has two stamens. One can be seen from the picture, the other is on the other side
71
Catasetum fimbriatum The seta is evident Habenaria radiata Note the lip
72
Cattleya aclandiae There is the typical zygomorphic flower with three petal-like sepals (top, lower right, lower left), two normal petals on either side and the labellum.
73
Cross-section of an orchid capsule
74
ASSIGNMENT Traditional Medicinal Uses of Plants in Oman
Last Date: 15th December 2012 Plant Arabic Name Plant Parts used Which city or village or in general Oman? How the herb is used, individually or mixed with other materials or plants? RECIPE how the herbal medicine is prepared
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.