1. Restoration
And
Enlightenment

2. The Restoration Refers to the restoration of the monarchy in 1660
Charles II - spent exile in France, patron of arts and sciences
George III - suffered from mental illness, ruled for 60 years, political blunders resulted in the loss of the American Colonies

3. The Enlightenment
A philosophical movement that emphasized natural rights of life, liberty and property
Age of Reason
Sir Isaac Newton - order, balance, logic & reason, scientific inquiry was applied to everything from farming to politics

4. Writers, artists, politicians, etc
Writers, artists, politicians, etc., gathered in coffeehouses to exchange ideas, conduct business, and gossip

5. Improvements Living conditions and changes in ways of life
Dramatic advances in agriculture
Breeding advancements yield larger animals
Steam power

6. Industrial Revolution - changed way of life for all
Women and children labored long hours with low pay

7. By the end of the period, a mass of restless, impoverished workers had grown.

8. Language Samuel Johnson - Dictionary of the English Language (1755)
Robert Lowth - A Short Introduction of English Grammar
Based on Latin - rules often proved inappropriate for English
Overseas colonization brought new words and increased differences in spoken English

9. Literature Neoclassicism
Stressed balance, logic, sophisticated wit, and emotional restraint
Birth of the novel - Robinson Crusoe
Toward the end of the period, poetry began to reflect themes close to the human heart - the first hints of Romanticism

10. 18th Century - The Golden Age of Satire

11. Satire A literary technique that mixes criticism with humor
Uses laughter as a weapon, usually to encourage social reform

12. Two Types of Satire
Horatian satire - playfully amusing, seeks to correct a vice or foolishness with gentle laughter
Juvenalian satire - darker kind of laughter, bitter and criticizes corruption or incompetence with scorn and outrage

13. Comments on and criticizes society, makes fun of a topic by making it seem ridiculous
News commentators, political cartoonists, comedians, screenwriters, songwriters
The Simpsons - educational system, sibling rivalry, violence on TV, sports
Saturday Night Live, Mad TV

14. How to Recognize Satire
Author may clue the reader in that he is writing satire
Author may cite previous satires
Satiric subject matter and its treatment
Concrete, topical, and personal subjects
Often alludes to the gossip of the moment
Freshness is important - no one cares 50 or 100 years later

15. Style is easy to distinguish
Contains cruel and “dirty” words
Contains comic words and terms
Uses conversational and non- literary language
Tries to produce the unexpected

16. Weapons of Satire Paradox Antithesis Parody Anticlimax Obscenity
Violence
Vividness
Exaggeration
Irony

17. Final Test for Satire
The reader feels a mixture of amusement or contempt