1. Chapter 1 Human Biology and Health
Bones, Muscles, and Skin
Chapter 1
Human Biology and Health

2. Discover Activity (p.6) How Does Your Body Respond?
Brainpop on “Human Body”

3. Body Organization
The levels of organization in the body consist of cell, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
The smallest unit of organization is the cell. The next largest unit is tissue; then, organs.
Finally, the organ system is the largest unit of organization.

4. Structure of Cells
Cell membrane forms the outside boundary of the cell.
Nucleus is the control center that directs the cell’s activities and contains the information that determine the cell’s form and function.
Cytoplasm is the material within a cell apart from the nucleus.

5. Functions of Cells
Cells carry on the processes that keep organisms alive.
Digested food undergoes chemical reactions that release energy for the body.
Cells grow and reproduce.

6. Tissues
A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform the same function (cell specialization)
Four basic types of tissue found in the human body: muscle tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue.
Muscle tissue: contracts and enables body to move
Nervous tissue: directs and controls the movement process.
Connective tissue: provides support for body and connects its parts.
Epithelial tissue: covers surfaces of your body, inside and out (example – skin)

7. Organs and Organ Systems
An organ is a structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue.
Heart, brain, lungs, kidneys are all organs
Organs are made up of different kinds of tissues
An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a major function. For example, heart is a major part of the circulatory system.

8. System we will be learning about throughout this unit
Organ Systems
Organ Systems Song
System we will be learning about throughout this unit

9. Homeostasis Brainpop on “Homeostasis”
Homeostasis is the process by which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment.
Our body maintains homeostasis by sweating if we get too hot to help cool our body. Vice versa, we shiver if we get to cold because shivering helps to produce heat for our body.
Stress is the reaction of your body to potentially threatening or challenging events. Once your body returns to normal after stress homeostasis is restored.

10. 11 Body Systems Skeletal System Muscular System Integumentary System
Digestive System
Circulatory System
Respiratory System
Excretory System
Immune System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Reproductive System

11. 1.2 The Skeletal System Brainpop “Skeleton”
5 major function of the skeleton:
Shape and support
Enables you to move
Protects your organs
Produces blood cells
Stores minerals and other material until your body needs them

12. Production and Storage of Substances
Shape and Support
Backbone, or vertebral column, is the center of the skeleton
Backbone is made up of vertebrae
Movement and Protection
Muscles pull on bones to make them the body move
Bones protect major organs of the body
Production and Storage of Substances
Make blood cells and store minerals the body needs

13. Joints of the Skeleton Immovable Joints (skull)
Movable Joints - held together by ligaments and cartilage

14. Bone Structure
Bones are complex living structures that undergo growth and development

16. Cells of the Bone

17. Section 1.3 Diagnosing Bone and Joint Injuries
Fracture – or a break in a bone.
Simple – bone may be cracked or completely broken into two or more pieces
Compound – the broken ends of the bone sticks out through the skin

18. Section 1.3 Diagnosing Bone and Joint Injuries
Dislocation – occurs when the endof a bone comes out of its joint.
Sprain – occurs when ligaments are stretched too far and tear in places

19. Identifying Injuries
X-Rays – a form of energy that travels in waves, like the light that your eyes can see. Cannot be used on soft tissue injuries.
MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging – Takes images of both bone and soft tissue

20. Treating Injuries
Cast for several weeks to allow bones to be stabilized and heal
Joint Replacement
Arthroscopy – a small incision is made and an arthroscope is inserted into the joint. Attached to the arthroscope is a camera that allows dr. to look inside the joint to see what is wrong and necessary repairs are made.

21. 1.3 Pop Quiz 1.) The stretching or tearing of ligaments is
a.) fracture b.) dislocation
c.) sprain d.) osteoporosis
2.) T or F X-rays produce images of soft tissues.
3.) What is a common skeletal system injury?
4.) List one way a bone/joint injury can be treated?

22. 1.3 Pop Quiz Answers 1.) The stretching or tearing of ligaments is
a.) fracture b.) dislocation
c.) sprain d.) osteoporosis
2.) T or F X-rays produce images of soft tissues.
3.) What is a common skeletal system injury? Fractures, dislocations, and sprains
4.) List one way a bone/joint injury can be treated? Cast, joint replacement, arthroscopy

23. Bones Exhibition Lab 2 day station activity
Work with your lab partner to complete each station using your textbook and/or chromebooks
When you finish a station move on to another
Each station is worth 5 points.

24. 1.4 The Muscular System
Types of Muscle:
Involuntary muscles – responsible for such essential activites as breathing and digesting food. i.e.- heart beating, breathing, etc.
Voluntary muscles – muscles that are under your conscious control. i.e. – smiling, throwing a baseball, etc.
3 Types of Muscle Tissue:
skeletal muscle – attached to the bones of your skeleton and provide the force that moves your bones
At the end of each muscle is a tendon that connect the muscle to the bone.
Skeletal muscle can also be called striated muscle because it is banded.

25. Smooth Muscle – typically found on the inside of your
Smooth Muscle – typically found on the inside of your internal organs such as stomach and blood vessels.
These muscles are involuntary, react more slowly and therefore tire more slowly.
Cardiac Muscle – This tissue is found only in your heart.
involuntary muscle tissue, striated, does not tire out

26. Muscles at Work
Muscles can ONLY contract, not extend.
Therefore skeletal muscles must work in pairs. While one muscle contracts, the other muscle in the pair relaxes to it original length.

29. Organ Systems
Organ Systems Song

30. Integumentary System
Read and Outline Section 1.5 pp

31. Integumentary System

32. Integumentary System

33. Integumentary System

34. Integumentary System

35. Integumentary System

36. Integumentary System
Organ Systems Song

37. Chicken Wing Dissection THANK YOU MIAMI MARKET!!!
Carefully cut into the wing’s skin making a slit and gently remove the skin from the muscle – take care not to damage the muscle.
Locate the tricep and bicep muscles and use them to move the wing.
Find the tendon and where it attaches to the bone. You can clip the tendon and remove the muscle.
Next, locate the ligaments that hold the joint together, using your scissors clip it.
Locate the cartilage and note how it protects the bone from rubbing together. You can remove the cartilage to get to the bone marrow.
Dispose of chicken wing in the garbage and put utensils in beaker of soapy water, place tray with the mat in the sink.
Use the antibacterial spray and spray your table down
Work on packet, we will complete it on Tuesday. Chapter 1 Test is Wednesday!

38. Chicken Wing Dissection

39. Chicken Wing Dissection

40. Chicken Wing Dissection