1. Modernisation Theory
Outcome – to understand the stages of economic development according to Modernisation Theory
VIDEOS & NOTES

2. Development or Underdevelopment?

3. Development or Underdevelopment?

4. Development or Underdevelopment?

5. Development or Underdevelopment?

6. Development or Underdevelopment?

7. Development or Underdevelopment?

8. Traditional Society: A recap (PARSONS)
So according to ROSTOW – how do we get from traditional society to this:

9. Modernisation theory
Modernisation theory has been described as an evolutionary process that brings about revolutionary change
In spite of criticism (especially from Marxists) and a poor record so far of success, it remains the most influential sociological theory in global affairs as much of western foreign aid policy, particularly that of America is driven by the ideas of Modernisation theory

10. Background
Modernisation theory arose in the early 1960s assuming that development means capitalist development and offered third world nations a route out of poverty
WW Rostow was best associated with modernisation theory and the theory heavily relates to the Cold War period when the USA offered reasons to newly independent countries as to why they should ally themselves with the West and not with the Soviet Union

11. Two key aims
1. It attempts to explain why poorer countries have failed to develop by focusing on the process of development i.e. how traditional societies could evolve into modern developed societies
2. A non-communist solution to poverty in the developing world by proposing that economic change (in the form of capitalism) and cultural change could play a critical role in bringing about modernisation

12. Recap: Modernisation Theory Questions
What are the main aims of Modernisation Theory?
Who developed the theory?
Do you know any of the 5 stages of development?

13. Screencast http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9s4MhPATZ0
How useful is this form of learning?
Something to use in lesson or for you to do at home?

14. From traditional to modern
For modernisation theorists, the process of development meant ‘total change’ – poorer countries had to move from being traditional to modern, changes included:
1. Technology
2. Agriculture
3. Industry
4. Geographical (urbanisation)
5. Political
6. Social and cultural

15. Cut & Stick: Rostow’s five stages of development

16. Rostow subtitled his most popular work ‘a non-communist manifesto’ and described communism as ‘a kind of disease which can befall a transitional society if it fails to organise effectively those elements within it which are prepared to get on with the job of modernisation’. Rostow believed that societies needed to pass through these stages to achieve development, which in his eyes was to modernise, seeing the USA as providing assistance to poorer countries.

18. Obstacles to development
Traditional values and attitudes
Lack of necessary modern values and attitudes, e.g. people unwilling to work for long than necessary or to move to where there were jobs
High birth rates and population growth – traditional values promote lots of children
Shortage of entrepreneurial skills
Lack of institutions such as banks
Lack of technology

19. Neo-Modernisation Theory p.188
HOMEWORK

20. Recall - Put the stages in the correct order
DRIVE TO MATURITY
TAKE OFF
TRADITIONAL SOCIETY
HIGH MASS CONSUMPTION
TRANSITIONAL STAGE

21. READING ACTIVITY & EVALUATION NOTES

22. Modernisation & Social Engineering
Traditional Values / Superstition
Ascribed Status
Collectivism
Education
Media
Urbanisation
Future Time Orientation
Achieved Status
Industrialisation
Largely agricultural
Basic Technologies
Little Trade / Sustenance Farming / Informal Economy
Aid
Human Expertise
TNCs
Industrial Production
Specialised Tecnhology
Trade / Wage Labour

23. Modernisation, education, and social engineering. (Pages 66-67)
Skim reading exercise, look at the word in red, then speed read the section to locate the answer.
Record these in your assessment books and we’ll peer assess the work.
PREVIOUS TEXTBOOK COPY

24. ROSTOW – Trickle Down Effect
What should traditional societies encourage the West to help invest in?
Who should they borrow this money from?
Who will this money trickle-down to?

25. HOSELITZ & LERNER – Meritocratic Education
What Western values will spread with the introduction of meritocratic education?
Where should the children of the elite be educated?
What aspects of education theory can be linked here regarding the spread of Western values?

26. INKELES – Importance of Mass Media
What ideas is the mass media helping to spread in bringing about a modern society?

27. HOSELITZ - Urbanisation
How is it more difficult to spread ideas in a thinly dispersed rural population?
How will the class system change as a result of modernisation?

28. Is British Society in the Age of HIGH MASS CONSUMPTION?
Discuss your findings, applying your examples to the description of the stage.

29. Strengths & Critiques of Modernisation Theory p.189-190
L.O. – to evaluate the claims made by modernisation theorists

30. KEYWORDS TEST
What word means the notion that members of the family / tribal unit put the interests of the group before self-interest?

31. COLLECTIVISM

32. KEYWORDS TEST
What words mean the global dominance of American culture?

33. KEYWORDS TEST
CULTURAL IMPERIALISM

34. KEYWORDS TEST
What words describes someone who is willing to take risks in investing money in business and to compete with others for markets?

35. KEYWORDS TEST
Entreprenurial

36. KEYWORDS TEST
What word describes the belief that there is a need to take an active role to change a situation?

37. KEYWORDS TEST
INTERVENTIONIST

38. KEYWORDS TEST
What is the name of the view that wealth will ‘drip’ down to benefit the less well-off?

39. KEYWORDS TEST
TRICKLE-DOWN

40. KEYWORDS TEST
Describe the difference between ascription and universalism in relation to employment.

41. KEYWORDS TEST
ASCRIPTION – Roles given on the basis of inheritance or fixed characteristics such as gender or race.
UNIVERSALISMS – Roles given on the basis of universal norms such as achievement measured by examinations and qualifications.

42. EVALUATION (AO3!!!!) 
Ethnocentric (Other cultures values are inferior, poverty still exists in the West, political dogma / attack on the world)
Kleptocracy
Ecological Limits
Social Damage (Indigenous)
Prescriptive (one size doesn’t fit all)
Western domination (competition)
Develop these ideas in your notes. Make notes from the Textbook 
Success Stories: Asian Tigers have moved to becoming Modern, and developed societies.
Identifies cultural barriers to development.
– Success Story of Asian Tigers

43. HOMEWORK
Outline & Explain 2 criticisms of Modernisation Theory. (10 marks)

44. EXAM PRACTICE
10 Marker & 20 Marker

45. Reflection on Previous Study
Millenium Development vs Sustainable Development Goals

46. Connect

47. Dissolution of language – certain languages die out or other languages are imported, e.g. in Singapore, English is now the main language.
Family structures – Large extended & inbred family units replaced by nuclear and single person family units. Or something about values, e.g. moving away from FGM.
Religious changes – a move away from tribal spiritualism towards global religions e.g. Christianity, or a move from religious belief to secular scientific rationalism
Population – moving to towns and cities away from areas where families have lived for hundreds of years

48. Modernisation theory today
1. Communism proved not to be a way to achieve development: China’s economic growth under a Communist government has been achieved through capitalism. Western standards of economic growth and of consumption remain the aspiration of many in developing countries
2. The rich countries continue to use development aid to try to help poorer countries develop
3. Rostow saw India and China as being at the stage of take off in the late 1950s – his estimate of 60 years to maturity seems to have rung true given recent growth rates in those countries. Homework – other examples?

49. Modernisation theory today
Using the data from p.69-70, create a model answer for this exam question.
Identify and explain the influence of Modernisation theory in contemporary society. (9 mark)
Remember: 3 points (1 identify, 2 explain) Half a side to three quarters. Be concise!!!

50. Peer Assessment

51. Modernisation Essay
Evaluate the contribution of modernisation theorists to our understanding of global development (20 marks)
Intro
P1 - Briefly explain the meaning of development and the origins of modernisation theory
Main Section
P2,3,4 Discuss modernisation theorists, such as Rostow, Hoselitz, Lerner, Inkles
Make general criticisms / evaluations throughout and link in to criticisms of modernisation theory, such as Cross, Baker, Austin
P5 Discuss the influence of modernisation theory: alternative theories of development, intervention, neo-liberal theories
P6 Discuss the fact that the theory has evolved to Neo-modernisation theory by Huntington
Conclusion
P7Make a general statement about the contribution of modernisation theory to our understanding.
P8 Briefly discuss that there are alternative ways to understanding global development, such as dependency, neo-colonialism, and neo-liberalism
USE PEEEL !
Structure of the marks
8 marks are given for Knowledge and Understanding (A01)
6 marks for Interpretation and Application (A02)
6 marks for Analysis and Evaluation (A03)
Length = 3 sides of A4 maximum – handwritten.

53. DIRT TARGETS