1. Deaf/Hard of Hearing Sensitivity Training for 9-1-1 Personnel
Prepared by the Office for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Services (DHHS)
of the Texas Department of Assistive and Rehabilitative Services/Division for Rehabilitation Services, Austin
Presented by: Alma Bebee- Deafness Resource Specialist

2. TTY/TDD User Sensitivity Training for 9-1-1 Personnel
Why are we here?
TTY/TDD User Sensitivity Training
for Personnel
Introductory slide

3. Demographics
8.8 per cent of the general population has a hearing loss sufficient enough to need on-going services (not hearing aid only)
6.5 of the above are categorized as hard of hearing or late-deafened
2.3 of the above number are members of the Deaf or deaf community
the numbers are greater in rural areas and areas of lower socio-economic resources
Everything necessary to say is on this slide

4. A D A Americans with Disabilities Act Title II, Section 35.162
telephone emergency services shall provide direct access to individuals who use TTY’s and computer modems ...
Why was this done? Due to the extra time involved in making a relay call the ADA mandates that emergency call centers be able to handle these calls directly without having to go through a relay center. Extra time is required due to:
Relay agent has to locate the 7-digit number to call as the call might originate in Dallas but the call is being handled by a call center in Austin, Lubbock or during a peak period by an out-of- state “stand-by” center in Wisconsin or New Jersey. or
The PSAP ALI/ANI may not reflect the actual caller’s information if the software is down or the call is coming from a rural area of the state. Therefore, checking the name and address is ALWAYS essential.

5. Parts of the ADA I Employment II State and local government
any entity employing 15 or more persons
II State and local government
III Public Accommodations
IV Telecommunications
V Miscellaneous
1. Disallows employment practices which are discriminatory against persons with a disability.
2. This is where our coverage is listed.
3. All other agencies, businesses are covered here.
4. Mandates that each state have a relay center at no costs to its users.
5. Disallows retaliation against persons (with or without a disability) who file a complaint using the ADA

6. Hearing Loss Categories
Deaf - note the capital “D,” persons who are involved mainly within the Deaf community/Deaf Culture and are native ASL users.
deaf - persons who have little useable residual hearing and depend on visual communication as their main mode for communication
hard of hearing - persons with useable residual hearing which may be assisted with amplification
late deafened - persons, who as an adult, has lost most of their hearing as a result of an injury, illness or as part of the aging process.
Just read/let them read the text

7. Why it might be difficult to learn English, especially if you don’t hear it: The bandage was wound around the wound. The farm was used to produce produce We must polish the Polish furniture Since there is no time like the present; he thought it was time to present the present. A bass was painted on the head of the bass drum. They were too close to the door to close it. The buck does funny things when the does are present. After a number of injections my jaw finally got number. Upon seeing the tear in the painting, I shed a tear. I had to subject the subject to a series of tests. The soldier decided to desert his dessert in the desert.

8. Communication Methods
Sign Language: Linguistic research has shown many sign languages, American Sign Language is one, have their own grammatical structures, syntax, rules, etc. like spoken languages.
Universality: Sign languages are not universal. Like spoken languages, sign languages around the world are entirely different. ASL is primarily used in America and Canada. However, fluent sign language users do have advantages over spoken languages users. The monolingual signer can communicate with other foreign signers much easier, using gestures, body language and pictorial expressions than monolingual (spoken) persons in a foreign country.
American Sign Language (ASL): ASL is not an abbreviated form of English nor is it a simplified version. It is the native language most persons who are Deaf in America uses.
Just read

9. Communication Methods (continuation):
Home Signs: In some very rural areas, deaf children and their family members use home signs when they are not exposed to any other people who are deaf or the Deaf community.
Oral/Aural:
Oral is where the child is taught to use their speech and speech- reading abilities. Age of onset, identification/amplification onset, severity of loss all play an important role in the level of success.
Speech-reading or lip-reading is an innate ability. A person (deaf or hearing) is either born with the ability to do so or is not born with the ability to do so. You can improve the skill for someone with the innate ability but you cannot teach someone born without.
Sign Systems: a combination of signs used in English word order, which sign the word and not the meaning - used mostly in educational settings to help improve English proficiency
Just read

10. Communication Methods (continuation):
Oftentimes, many years of trying to teach (improve) the ability passes before it is realized that the child will not succeed with the chosen method. Much information can be lost during these formative years.
The most proficient of speech-readers can only catch about 25% of a known topic/conversation. This lessens to about 15% when the topic of conversation is unknown as the context on which to base one’s guesses is lowered. Many English sounds look alike on the lips and many words look alike on the lips. The anatomy of the speaker and the environment influence the “read-ability” - thin lips are difficult to read, as are the lips of someone with a full beard/moustache , it is most difficult to read some who is writing on a blackboard (school settings) and extremely difficult to follow the subject matter on films that has voice-overs (speaker is not presented on the screen) or includes animation.
Aural is where the child is taught to use what residual hearing (amplified or not) they may have to their best benefit. Some schools advertise that they “teach deaf children to hear.”
Just read

11. Communicating with Individuals who are Hard of Hearing/Oral Deaf
Slow down a bit
Don’t yell, this distorts your words
Rephrase statement or question
If you must spell, say: “B” as in baseball, etc.
Numbers: 50 and 15 or 50 and 60 sound much alike
Say 50, five/zero or 15, one/five for example
Be patient
Just read

12. Practice fingerspelling your name.
The Manual Alphabet -one of the few commonalties in the numerous sign systems in use in America
Names of people, places and things and specialized terms must be fingerspelled as there are no signs for them:
What you see is what the viewer should be seeing. The “signer” will be seeing the back of the hand in most cases.
Practice fingerspelling your name.

13. Cultural Behaviors - Deaf/Hearing
* Getting Attention * Flickering of lights or
stomping on wooden
floor vs calling, “Hey”
* Party * Staying in the kitchen
where there is more
lighting vs the living room
* Introductions * Long introductions with
questions vs “Nice to meet you
* Pointing * Considered necessary vs considered rude
Deaf will also throw something light to get someone’s attention
It is easier to sign if you are signing so deaf tend to stand in the kitchen and talk instead of sitting in the living room to chat
An introduction with deaf people includes whether they had deaf parents and siblings , what schools for the deaf they attended….
Pointing is part of their daily communication and is considered essential and not rude

14. TTY/VP Users Persons who are culturally Deaf Persons who are deaf
Persons who are hard of hearing
Persons who are late-deafened
Persons who are speech impaired
Others?????
The last group are any hearing person who wants/needs to communicate with a person from the first 5 groups

15. TTY /VP Related Words/Definitions
Relay service - telephone relay service allowing persons who have a TTY to call persons who do not and vice-versa
Direct access- the ability to directly receive a call without third party services
Baudot - code used by TTYs
ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange: code used by computers and facsimile machines
Just read

16. Devices used by persons who are deaf/hard of hearing:
Telephones:
TTY
Amplified phone
Pay Phone with TTY
Pay Phone w/amplifier
Video Phone
● Hearing aids, cochlear implants, digital hearing aids, assistive listening devices
Many of the ways that technology helps deaf/hard of hearing people stay in the mainstream
Pager
Digital
Text
Wireless 2-way

17. Types of TTYs Acoustic (telephone receiver must rest in TTY coupler)
Direct Connect (telephone line plugs into TTY and separate phone implement is not necessary – “dial” from the keyboard)
Acoustic/Direct Connect - some have either/or capabilities
No other information needed

18. Types of TTY Calls Traditional VCO (Voice Carry Over)
HCO (Hearing Carry Over)
TTY via relay service
VCO via relay service
HCO via relay service
(Each is discussed on other slides)

19. Types of TTY Calls VCO (Voice Carry Over)
User has intelligible speech and prefers to speak instead of type to you.
faster than traditional TTY call;
popular with persons who are late-deafened and hard of hearing - typing speed is slow due to age/arthritis and/or never using a keyboard previously.
Nothing extra

20. Is this call a TTY/TDD call?
Electronic tones
do not sound like a fax but is often confused and hung-up on or transferred to fax machine
Silence (open line)
older machines and older users do not “key-in” to alert you the call is from a TTY/TDD
Synthesized voice announcement
many newer machines have this option (will not be recognized by your PSAP - TDD Challenge button)
Relay agent
no need to activate the TDD Challenge or get your TTY/TDD
Nothing extra

21. TTY Abbreviations MSG - message GA - go ahead CUD - could
B4 - before
U - you
Pls - please
NUM - number
R - are
Many, many others
GA - go ahead
SK - stop keying
GA to SK - I’m ready to hang up, are you?
SKSK - hanging up
Q - Question mark
xxx - error
CUL - see you later
Just a few of the abbreviations used;
This use to be pretty unique to TTY users but with the advent of IM…….these are many others are commonplace today!

22. Relay Texas
Relay service mandated by ADA under Title IV, however, Relay Texas opened prior to ADA mandate
Enables person with TTY to call person/business who does not and vice-versa
Free service that is available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year
7-1-1
Nothing extra

23. New technology/Culture Changes
Video Phones
VOIP
Video Relay Services
Internet Relay Services

24. Technology and Relay Updates
IP Relay Service
10 digit number- need to register with Online Relay Provider
Internet based, so therefore no ANI/ALI, providers are nationwide and your relay agent may be several states away and unfamiliar with regional/slang terms
Video Relay Service
10 digit number-need to register with VRS provider
Although communication is much smoother and quicker because the person is using their primary language with which to communicate, the same problems as above are present
CapTel Relay Service
This phone/service uses voice recognition software. When the caller dials a number, the phone automatically routes the call first through a CapTel transcription center. There, everything you say is restated since software must learn to understand the speaker) which in turn becomes text for the caller. HOWEVER, when a CapTel phone dials 9-1-1, it automatically becomes a VCO phone and bypasses the CapTel transcription center. You will handle this as a VCO call.

25. Video Relay Phone Booth
TTY Accesible

26. Relay Protocol
Immediately verify address and phone number with the caller
Speak in “first-party” language
Don’t solicit opinion or comment from the agent, operator or communication assistant
Do handle the call just as you would any other but add a ‘GA’ or ‘SK’
Nothing extra

27. Thank you Questions Feedbacks
Contact information:
V/TTY
Toll Free
Video phone