1. MUSCULAR TISSUE PROFESSOR DR. FAUZIAH OTHMAN
DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN ANATOMY
FACULTY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE,
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA

2. 3 Types of muscles
1. Skeletal
2.. Cardiac
3. Smooth

4. Muscle can be classified :
1. Functionally
- as to whether it is controlled (voluntarily) or not (involuntarily)
2. Structurally
- as to whether it shows cross (striations) or not (smooth)

5. Unique terms of components of muscle cell
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasm
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Sarcosomes

7. Classification of muscle
Striated voluntary muscle
this is skeletal, - it is attached to bone
Striated involuntary muscle or cardiac muscle
found only in the heart and sometimes in the walls of large blood vessels near the heart
Smooth involuntary muscle
present in the walls of hollow organs (except the heart), blood vessels and lymphatics.

11. A note on the use of the term ‘fibre’
A muscle fibre is a cell, the cytoplasm of which is filled with contractile elements.
Connective tissue fibres are intercellular (i.e extracellular) formations.
A nerve fibre is elongated part of a neuron.

15. Comparison of three type of muscle
Features
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Sarcomeres
Yes No
Nuclei
Multinucleated; peripherally located
One or two: centrally located
One ; centrally located
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Well-developed with terminal cisterns
Poorly defined; some small terminals
Some smooth endoplasmic reticulum (but not involved in calcium storage)

16. T tubules
Yes; small, involved in triad formation
Yes; large, involved in diad formation
none
Cell junctions
None
Intercalated disks
Nexus (gap junctions)
Contraction
Voluntary; “all or none”
Involuntary ; rhythmic and spontaneous
Involuntary; slow and forceful ; not “all or none”
Calcium control
Calsequestrin in terminal cisternae
Calcium from extracellular sources
caveolae

17. Calcium binding
Troponin C
Calmodulin
Regeneration
Yes, via satellite cells
None
Yes
Mitosis No
Nerve fibers
Somatic motor
Autonomic
Autoomic

18. Connective tissue
Epimysium, perimysium and endomysium
Connective tuissue sheaths and endomysium
Connective tissue sheaths and endomysium
Distinctive features
Long, Cylinder-shaped; many peripheral nuclei
Branched cells; intercalated disks; single nucleus
Fusiform cells with no striations; one nucleus