1. F.W Taylor and Scientific Management

2. Frederick W. Taylor ( )
founder of scientific Management
one of the first people to study the behavior and performance of people at work
was a manufacturing manager
Wrote a book ‘Principles of Scientific Management, to address issues of efficiency and performance. Taylor felt that there was a need of increasing efficiency at individual, organizational and national level. Presented four main principles.

3. Scientific Management
The systematic study of relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency.

4. 4 Principles To Increase Efficency
Study the way workers perform their tasks, gather all the informal job knowledge that workers already have, and introduce new methods for performing tasks better.
Write the new methods of performing tasks into written rules and standard operating procedures. This way workers can follow these rules and implement standardization.

5. 4 Principles To Increase Efficiency
Carefully select workers who possess skills that match the needs of the task. Then, provide training to them according to written rules and procedures.
Establish an acceptable level of performance for a task, and then develop a pay system that provides a reward for performance above the acceptable level.

6. Implementation Problems
It increased the amount of work that each worker was expected to do.
Increase in performance meant fewer jobs and greater employee terminations
Workers became dissatisfied with monotonous and repetitive jobs.
Managers did not care about the Well Being of workers.
Workers kept job knowledge to themselves and did not share with others, to protect their jobs and pay.
Workers develop informal work rules that discourage high performance .

7. Organizational Results
Increased mechanization of the work process.
Example: Henry Ford introduced moving conveyor belts in factory. Machine imposed speed to push employees to perform at higher levels.
The combination of 2 management practices: 1) achieving the right task specialization and 2) linking people and their tasks by the speed of the production line .This combination resulted in savings in cost and increase in output.
Ethical issues in work places were introduced and highlighted too.