1. Intellectual Origins of Knowledge Systems
conceptual-synchronic approach
transformational (historical) approach

2. Intellectual Origins of Knowledge Systems
knowledge systems related to post-Englightenment epistemology
other situated knowledges

3. Intellectual Origins of Knowledge Systems
history of knowledge= periodization? subject? episteme?
shift from a traditional historical inquiry into ‘what’ was known at a given moment to discursive practices that rendered something knowable

4. Intellectual Origins of Knowledge Systems
history of knowledge= analysis of an episteme = theorization of the grounds of knowledge by analyzing the represenational paradigms which organize the theorization
what could be knowable? boundary objects? anomalies? displaced categories?

5. Intellectual Origins of Knowledge Systems
analysis of a range of fields in a given historical moment demonstrates a set of discursive practices common to all the fields = constraints and limitations imposed on a range of discourses in the human sciences and other knowledge practices
Order of Things - 17th century episteme of the problem of order

6. Intellectual Origins of Knowledge Systems
episteme = historically specific, dynamic field of representations of knowledge
defined in Michel Foucault’s Archaeology of Knowledge: as the total set of relations that unite, at a given period, the discursive practices that give rise to epistemological figures, sciences, and possibly formalized systems

7. Intellectual Origins of Knowledge Systems
history or ‘archaeology’ of human sciences avoids producing the traditional unity of subject, spirit,or period
history of knowledge may be represented as a dynamic, constantly changing totality
analysis of a range of fields in a given historical moment to demonstrate a set of discursive practices common to all the fields

8. Intellectual Origins of Knowledge Systems
how episteme is multiplied = by communication among different disciplines (language + technology of transmission + … totality of people’s interactions )

9. In the late 18th century, science becomes established as cultural apparatus, in the form of materialized semiotic fields
(Haraway, Modest

10. Intellectual Origins of Knowledge Systems
post-Enlightenment epistemology & its effects
modernity: ideas of progress, science, reason, nature
natureTM (nature as not nature)
cultureTM

11. Instead of a search for the perfectly proportioned image containing the 'soul' of the knowledge to be remembered, the emphasis was on the discovery of the right logical category. The memory of this system of logical categories and scientific causes would exempt the individual from the necessity of remembering everything in detail ... The problem of memorizing the world, characteristic of the sixteenth century, evolved into the problem of classifying it scientifically.
(James Fentress and Chris Wickham, Social Memory, 1992, 13)

12. Printing Transforms Knowledge (James Burke, 1986)

13. Intellectual Origins of Knowledge Systems
relationship of knowledge systems to moral order
deviance
culture / nature
naturalizing discourse

14. Common Sense as a Cultural System
common sense / everyday experience
categories organized into systems
transmitted body of knowledge
natural symbols
formalized knowledge: information infrastructures
Why? moral order creates meaning

15. Critical Analysis
repositioning of discourses (self-awareness, situated knowledges)
diversity
civic responsibility, driving democratic change, balancing power
… or what? loss of capacity for social criticism

16. The Laboratory, or, The Passion of OncoMouse, (Lynn Randolph 1994)
From: Donna Haraway’s, _Meets_OncoMouseTM), 46.

17. From: Donna Haraway’s, Modest_Witness@Second_Millennium
From: Donna Haraway’s, _Meets_OncoMouseTM), 47.