1. Nuclear Reactions
1-3,6-7,17-23
E = mc2

2. + + A. Nuclear Stability Strong Nuclear Force
binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus.
stronger than electric repulsive force over very short distances. + +

3. A. Nuclear Stability
larger nucleus, more electric repulsion, less stable
Electric Force
Electric Force
Strong Nuclear Force
Strong
Nuclear Force

4. B. Fission
splitting a larger nucleus into smaller parts

5. Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

6. Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

7. Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

8. Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

9. Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

10. Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

11. Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

12. Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

13. Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

14. Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

15. B. Fission
Chain Reaction: self-feeding reaction when released products are the reactants that trigger more reactions
Nuclear reactors use controlled-fission chain reactions.

16. B. Fission A little bit of mass is changed into a lot of energy
E = mc2
Mass and energy are conserved together.

17. B. Fission
Cooling Tower

18. B. Fission Off-Site Disposal On-Site Storage 77 disposal sites in US.
spent fuel rods in water pools or dry casks of concrete/steel.
Yucca Mountain for permanent disposal.
(5 mile tunnel near Vegas)

20. C. Fusion combining of 2 nuclei to form 1 larger nucleus
is the product
much more energy
powers stars naturally
very high temp,
10 to 100 million oC,
in plasma state
(in magnetic field)

21. Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor
C. Fusion
Fusion Reactors (not yet sustainable)
Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

22. D. Fission vs. Fusion vs. FISSION FUSION 235U is limited
meltdown risk
radioactive waste
less energy
Hydrogen is abundant
no meltdown risk
is product
not yet sustainable

23. E. Chemical Vs Nuclear Reactions
Chemical Rxns
Involve the gain, loss, or sharing of electrons
Atoms of reactants are rearranged into products
Mass of reactants equals mass of products
Involve small changes in energy
Nuclear Rxns
Involve changes to an atoms nucleus
Atoms are changed into different atoms
Mass of reactants does not equal mass of products (E=mc2)
Involve large changes in energy

24. Quick Quiz!
1. E=mc2 shows how a little bit of _________ can be converted into lots of __________.
energy, mass.
mass, energy.
mass, light.
light, energy. 24

25. Quick Quiz! 2. Which statement about nuclear reactions is FALSE?
Heat and light in the sun are produced by hydrogen fusion reactions.
The total mass of the products is slightly less than the total mass of the reactants.
In fusion, nuclei are combined, and in fission, nuclei are split.
Power plants use fusion of H isotopes. 25