1. Semantic Marks A semantic mark is
an excerpt (marked region) in a base document,
an address for that marked region, and
a user-defined label (possibly typed) that
expresses the meaning of that marked region in a particular perspective, and
can be used to access or refer to the marked region
A semantic mark allows referencing of marked regions based on meaning (content) not location

2. Semantic Marks
Provides a useful abstraction to separate the mapping of a marked region to its base layer address from the mapping of a semantic label to a marked region
A single label can reference multiple instances of the same entity/concept (occurring in one or more documents)
When knowledge/belief changes or the base document changes, can remap label to a new marked region
The history of mappings provides provenance a for concept
Can use same label to reference a marked region that was remapped to a new address when a document was changed
Label can be used to assert relationships and correspondences
Can facilitate creation and sharing of multiple interpretations in the superimposed layer over documents in the base layer

3. NVivo

4. Using Manual Marks with Meaningful Labels to Organize and Structure Data
Sticky tabs indicate the vertical position on the page
Labels indicate the type of data being marked and provide an informal schema for organizing information
Paper example, from Karen Watanabe

5. Using Manual Marks with Meaningful Labels to Organize and Structure Data
One label summarizes multiple data items
Closer view; note how label summarizes multiple related items of interest

6. Another example