1. Aim: What is a Mineral? Do Now:
Minerals are used in our everyday lives. In your notebook, try to think about and list the ways minerals are used by you and me every day.

2. I. Minerals: are classified as… Naturally occurring Solid substance
c. Orderly crystalline structure (specific shape)

3. Definite chemical composition (made of single elements or a compound (multiple elements))
e. Inorganic (not living)

4. II. How do Minerals Form? 1. Crystallization (to form a crystal)
- hot material (magma/lava) cools, forcing elements within to combine and harden forming minerals. Depending on the elements present, different minerals are created.
Pyrite
Graphite
Galena

5. Watch the Demonstration take some notes as to what is happening.
2. Precipitates/Evaporites
- solid substances dissolved in water are left behind to form crystals when the water evaporates.
Like Rock Candy or the ring around your bathtub
Watch the Demonstration
take some notes as to what is happening.
Salt Flat - Halite
Limestone Cave

6. III. Silicon-Oxygen Tetrahedron
Most abundant atomic structure in Earth’s crust. (there is a lot of it)
Found in Quartz (sand) and makes quartz very strong (resistant to breaking)
Look at cover of ESRT

7. Review Questions:
What are the five characteristics of all minerals?
Where does the material come from to undergo crystallization?
Describe the process of the formation of a precipitate.
Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic, solids, with definite crystal shape and definite composition.
The material comes from the inside of the Earth or a volcanic eruption. The material has to be extremely hot!
Material needs to be dissolved in water. Later, the water is evaporated leaving the mineral behind. Solid materials can not be evaporated like water.

8. Aim: What Properties Help Identify Minerals?
Do Now: How can a scientist tell the difference between different minerals? List some of the properties you would look for to classify a mineral.
Use your ESRT page 16 to help determine useful properties.

9. I. Properties of Minerals
Depend on:
1) The chemical composition of the mineral. (the elements/compounds it is made up of)
2) How the mineral’s atoms are arranged internally (structure/appearance).

10. We will take notes on each section of this table
Non-Metallic
Take out Page 16 of your ESRT

11. Why is color the least significant property?
1. Color (least significant property)
- caused by impurities that can affect the color of any mineral.
Why is color the least significant property?
Quartz
Calcite
Talc
Halite

12. 2. Streak - the color of a mineral in its powdered form.
- found by rubbing a mineral across a streak plate (a piece of porcelain.)
A minerals streak is
identified as either;
Color – any color
Colorless – clear, white or no streak

13. *There are no BLACK metals* Doesn’t look like metal
3. Luster
- describes how light is reflected from the surface of a mineral.
*There are no BLACK metals*
Pyrite
Galena
Sulfur
Feldspar
Metallic vs Non-Metallic
Doesn’t look like metal
Looks like metal

14. 4. Hardness
the resistance of a mineral to being scratched compared to known objects on Mohs scale of hardness. (arranged from 10 (hardest) to 1 (softest))
determined using a glass plate.
If it scratches the glass, then the mineral is harder
If it doesn’t scratch the glass, then the mineral is softer.

15. 5. Breakage the tendency of a mineral to break apart into pieces.
A) Cleavage
Minerals appear to have right angles, flat surfaces, boxed appearance.
Mica
Calcite

16. b) Fracture
- the uneven breakage of a mineral.
Sulfur
Quartz

17. 6. Distinctive Properties of Minerals
Some minerals can be recognized by other distinctive properties (magnetism, smell)
- Effervescence (bubbling)
using Hydrochloric Acid indicates the presence of calcium (Calcite.)

18. Closure:
- Take an understanding minerals worksheet from the top do now to help you think about and work with the notes we just took. Work on both side, we will go over this afterwards.

19. 3. Hydrothermal Solutions
- Very hot solutions cause chemical reactions with existing minerals to form new minerals (recrystallization).
Pyrite
Quartz

20. 4. Crystal Form – Shape of the mineral
Garnet
Calcite
Quartz