1. University Physics
Final Exam Overview

2. 21. Electric Field How is electric field defined?
How to find the electric field arising from a point charge?
How to find the force on a charge if the electric field at the point is known?

3. Typical Problems +
Using superposition principle to find the resultant of electric fields. -
The path of a charge being bent in an electric field. Make analogy to projectile motion.

4. 22. Gauss’s Law Gauss’s law is the integral form of Coulomb’s law.
It provides a versatile path to the finding of electric fields arising from distribution of charges.
We only use Gauss’s law on problems of high symmetry.

5. Applications of Gauss’s Law

6. Typical Problems
Electric field inside or outside of a non-conducting sphere
Electric field inside or outside of concentric conducting spheres +1 +2 +4 - + a b c d

7. 23. Electric Potential How is electric potential defined? U = qV
Electric potential V is the energy property (or scalar property) of the space around a source charge, whereas electric field E is the force property (or vector property) of the space around a source charge.

8. Relations Between E and V
E -> V
V -> E

9. E and V Conversions
For a point charge
For a parallel plate capacitor

10. Typical Problems
Find the speed of a charge at far distance when released from a stationary charge.
Find the potential energy stored in a configuration of charges. Qi + a a + a +
Qii
Qiii

11. 24. Capacitors What is a capacitor?
How is capacitance defined in a circuit? C=Q/V
How is capacitance determined by the geometry of a capacitor?
What is the energy stored in a capacitor?

12. The Equivalent Capacitance
Capacitors linked in series
Capacitors linked in parallel

13. Typical Problems Circuit analysis with composite capacitors A B II I
1.0 A B
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0 12 18 II I
III IV

14. 25. Current and Resistance
Current is the rate of transfer of charge.
Resistance can be measured from Ohm’s law.
Resistance is determined by the material and the geometry.

15. Electrical Power
The electric power consumed on a resistor.

16. 26. DC Circuits Equivalent resistance for connection in series
Equivalent resistance for connection in parallel

17. Kirchhoff’s Point Rule and Loop Rule
Point rule or Kirchhoff’s current rule
Loop rule or Kirchhoff’s voltage rule
iR2 e1 I e2

18. Mesh Analysis Typical problems 5.0 W i2 = 7/3 – i3 i3 + _ e 5.0 W 15 V

19. 27. Magneticl Field
How does magnetic field exert force on a moving charge?
How does magnetic field exert force on a current?
How does magnetic field exert torque on a current carrying loop?
with

20. The Potential Energy in a Current Loop
The magnetic potential energy stored in a current-carrying loop is=
with

21. Circular Motion of a Charge in a B Field
The magnetic force provides the exact amount of centripetal force

22. 28. Ampere’s Law I B
How is magnetic field generated from a loop of current?
How is magnetic field generated from a long wire of current?

23. The Interaction between two current carrying wires
BI1
BI2 x x
Fwire1- BI2
Fwire2-BI1
Wire 1
Wire 2

24. Magnetic Field in a Solenoid
How to use Ampere’s law to find the B field inside a solenoid
Ampere’s Law

25. 29. Faraday’s Law How is emf induced from a change of magnetic flux?
How is emf induced in a conducting rod moving across a B field

26. Lenz’s Law The key word “opposing” can find two applications:
How to determine the direction of the induced current?
The key word “opposing” can find two applications:
If Foriginal increases, Binduced directs opposite to Borigial;
If Foriginal decreases, Binduced directs in the same direction as Borigial;

27. 30. Inductance
How does inductance relate the rate of change of current to the induced emf?
For one coil:
For two coils:

28. Inductance and Magnetic Flux
For self-inductor
For mutual-inductor

29. Energy Stored in a Self-Inductor

30. 31. Alternating Currents
How is the resistive effect quantified for R, L, C in an AC circuit?
Resistance
Inductive reactance
Capacitive reactance

31. Impedance
The effective resistance of the entire circuit is called impedance Z
An analog of Ohm’s law holds in the entire circuit as

32. Phasor Diagram
VL and VC are on the same line and so the net y component is VL – VC
The phase angle q can be determined from the phasor diagram as

33. Power Expenditure in AC Circuit
The power in an AC circuit is consumed only by the resistor.
The consumption rate is
P = IrmsVR = IrmsVrms cosq
cosq is called the power factor of the circuit

34. The Resonance Condition for RLC Circuit
The maximum flow of current occur in an RLC circuit when