1. Tungsten Carbide

2. What is Tungsten Carbide ?
A Ceramic
Tungsten is a Refractory Metal with the highest melting temp. at 3410°C
The Knoop hardness is around 2100
The mixture of the two reduces cost for tools.

3. How it is dressed to the tool
Mill or shoe is heated to where the pores of the iron open
Then the brazing alloy made of copper and a high nickel content is melted down and bonded into the iron’s pores.
This bonds the tungsten carbide to the mill

4. What is it used for? For downhole cutting and milling
The removal of loose junk such as bit cones, packers, tong dies, and cement.
The abrasive surface of the mills from the tungsten-carbide is what does the cutting.
When cutting is done, the object that was being cut is now small shavings that can be circulated out.