1. Organizational ChangeBy
Devpriya Dey

2. Organisational Change
The term ―change refers to any alteration which occurs in the overall work environment of an organisation

4. Forces of change External forces Internal forces Technology
Marketing conditions
Social changes
Political forces
Internal forces
Changes in managerial personnel
Changes in operative personnel
Deficiencies in existing structure

5. Forces of change
Culture (changing the values & goals of the organisation)
Structure (altering authority relations, coordination mechanisms, job redesign)
Technology (modifying how work is processed and methods & equipments used)

7. MINIMISING RESISTANCE TO CHANGE
Communication
Training
Employee Involvement
Stress Management
Negotiation
Coercion

8. Conditions for diffusing change
Successful pilot study
Favorable publicity
Top management support
Labour union involvement
Diffusion strategy described well
Pilot program people moved around

9. Change Agents
Anyone who possesses enough knowledge and power to guide and facilitate the change effort
–Help develop a vision
–Communicate the vision
–Act consistently with the vision
–Build commitment to the vision

10. Forms of Resistance to Change
Voicing complaints, engaging in job actions
Loss of employee loyalty and motivation, increased errors or mistakes, increased absenteeism

11. Overcoming Resistance to Change
Education and Communication
–This tactic assumes that the source of resistance lies in misinformation or poor communication.
Participation
–Prior to making a change, those opposed can be brought into the decision process.
Facilitation and Support
–The provision of various efforts to facilitate adjustment.

12. Negotiation
–Exchange something of value for a lessening of resistance.
• Manipulation and Cooperation
–Twisting and distorting facts to make them appear more attractive.
• Coercion
–The application of direct threats or force upon resisters.