1. Statics of Particles MET 2214 Ok. Lets get started.
My name is Dr Simin Nasseri, a faculty member here at MET and I am going to teach this course MET ????, Course name.
MET 2214
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

2. Static Equilibrium for a Particle
Objective: To introduce the concept of the free-body diagram for a particle and to show how to solve particle equilibrium problems using the equations of equilibrium.
A particle: An object with inertia (mass) but of negligible dimensions.
A particle at rest: A particle is at rest if originally at rest or has a constant velocity if originally in motion.
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

3. Equilibrium equations for a particle
A particle is in equilibrium if the resultant of ALL forces acting on the particle is equal to zero.
(Newton’s first law is that a body at rest is not subjected to any unbalanced forces).
Sum of all forces acting
on a particle =
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

4. Equilibrium equations in component form
In a rectangular coordinate system the equilibrium equations can be represented by three scalar equations:
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

5. Free-Body Diagram (FBD):
To apply equilibrium equations we must account for all known and unknown forces acting on the particle.
The best way to do this is to draw a free-body diagram of the particle.
FBD: A diagram showing the particle under consideration and all the forces and moments acting on this particle.
This is a sketch that shows the particle “free” from its surroundings with all the forces acting on it.
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

6. Parallelogram Law
Two forces on a body can be replaced by a single force called the resultant by drawing the diagonal of the parallelogram with sides equivalent to the two forces.
Copyright of Ohio University
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

7. Principal of Transmissibility
The conditions of equilibrium or motion of a body remain unchanged if a force on the body is replaced by a force of the same magnitude and direction along the line of action of the original force.
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

8. Mechanical components
String or cable: A mechanical device that can only transmit a tensile force along itself.
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

9. Mechanical components
Linear spring: A mechanical device which exerts a force along its line of action and proportional to its extension (F = kX).
K is constant of proportionality which is a measure of stiffness or strength.
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

10. Mechanical components
Cables:
Cables are assumed to have negligible weight and they cannot stretch.
They can only support tension or pulling (you can’t push on a rope!).
Frictionless pulleys:
Pulleys are assumed to be frictionless.
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

11. Mechanical components
A continuous cable passing over a frictionless pulley must have tension force of a constant magnitude.
The tension force is always directed in the direction of the cable.
For a frictionless pulley in static equilibrium, the tension in the cable is the same on both sides of the pulley.
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

12. Force types Force types:
Active Forces - tend to set the particle in motion.
Reactive Forces - result from constraints or supports and tend to prevent motion.
Active force
Reactive force
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

13. Free Body Diagram (FBD)
How to draw a Free Body Diagram:
Draw outlined shape - Imagine the particle isolated or cut “free” from its surroundings
Show all forces and moments - Include “active forces” and “reactive forces”. Place each force and couple at the point that it is applied.
Identify each force:
Known forces labeled with proper magnitude and direction.
Letters used for unknown quantities.
Add any relevant dimensions onto your picture.
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

14. FBD
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

15. FBD
F.B.D of the ring A:
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

16. Example 1
The sphere has a mass of 6 kg and is supported as shown. Draw a free-body diagram of the sphere, cord CE, and the knot at C.
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

17. Sphere
There are two forces acting on the sphere. These are its weight and the force of cord CE.
The weight is: W = 6 kg (9.81 m/s2) = 58.9 N.
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

18. FBD of sphere This is the way we show the FBD of the sphere: FCE
58.9 N
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

19. Cord CE
There are two forces acting on the cord. These are the force of the sphere, and the force of the knot. A cord is a tension only member. Newton’s third law applies.
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

20. FBD of the cord CE
FCE
FEC C E
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

21. Knot at C
There are three forces acting on the knot at C. These are the force of the cord CBA, and the force of the cord CE, and the force of the spring CD.
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

22. FBD of the knot at C FCBA 60o FCD C FCE Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

23. Example 2 Draw the FBD diagram of the ring A: W= 2.452 KN
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

24. FBD of the ring A Is this the FBD of A?
No! this is not the free body diagram of A!
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

25. FBD of the ring A
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

26. Example 3 Draw the free body diagrams of C and E and the cable CE:
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

27. FBD of E
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Prof. Simin Nasseri

28. FBD of C
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

29. FBD of cable EC
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

30. Example 4 Draw the FBD of ring A. W=78.5 N Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

31. FBD of A
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

32. Applying the Equilibrium Equations
Part 2
Applying the Equilibrium Equations
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

33. FBD Draw the free body diagrams: N N f W W 30
Normal force = The force you have when there is a contact between surfaces
(the ball is in contact with the ground).
Friction force = You have this when the surface in contact is not frictionless and the friction prevents the motion of the object.
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

34. FBD y y N x N f x 30 W W
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

35. FBD y y N x N f x W N = W N - W.cos 30 = 0 f - W.sin 30 = 0 W.sin30
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

36. Example 2:
Determine the tension in cables AB and AD for equilibrium of the 250 kg engine.
FBD of the ring A
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri

37. Solution of Example 2
According to the free body diagram of the ring A, we have three forces acting on the ring. The forces TB and TD have unknown magnitudes but known directions. Cable AC exerts a downward force on A equal to:
W = (250kg)(9.81m/s2) = 2452N = 2.245KN
TBsin30
TBcos30
Statics (MET 2214)
Prof. Simin Nasseri