1. An example
Read the sentences below and identify the levels of generalization by labeling the first level (general) 1, the second level 2 and the third level (particular) 3.
Learners can have a choice of study modes.
There are seven types of course resources available.
The course system of BeiwaiOnline offers its learners much flexibility and openness.
The system offers four entrance points for learners with different levels of English proficiency.
Those who have convenient access to the Internet can choose the online mode.
The tutorial resources can help the learners, who miss their tutorials for one reason or another, do self-tutoring online.
Learners learn the courses by modules.

2. Action Time
Work in groups of four. Go through the procedure from generating ideas to organizing ideas to producing an outline on a passage entitled “Online learning …”.
Generating ideas
Organizing ideas
Producing an outline
Brainstorming
Narrow & focus
General & particulars

3. Constructing effective sentences
Activity Two
Constructing effective sentences

4. What are effective sentences?
Compare the following sentences:
The house is at the end of the street, and it was designed by Peter.
The house at the end of the street was designed by Peter.
The guards were fully armed, and they expected trouble.
Expecting trouble, the guards were fully armed.
There have been many great discoveries made by scientists in the 20th century.
Scientists in the 20th century have made many great discoveries .

5. Subordinated sentences Clarity and preciseness
Effective sentences
Subordinated sentences
Clarity and preciseness
Forceful writing
Introduction
Participles and participial phrases
Periodic sentences
Dangling elements
Combining sentences with a focus
Parallelism
Correct pronoun reference
Variety in sentence structure
Forceful writing
Wordiness
Expletives
Work Sheet 5
Work Sheet 6
Work Sheet 7

6. What have we accomplished?
Examined the five aspects of narration writing + reviewed a narration.
Examined the basics for five techniques of presenting ideas + reviewed two expositions.
Examined ways for constructing the ideas of an assigned topic + produced a rough outline for “Online learning …”
Examined ways for constructing effective sentences + tasks.

7. Assignments
Write a passage of 300~400 words on “Online learning …”, following this procedure:
Complete the tasks in the Work Sheets.
Review Unit Six with the help of the powerpoint slides.
Complete the tasks in Unit Seven.
Generate ideas for “Online learning …”.
Organize the ideas and produce an outline. Remember to narrow and focus.

8. Assignments 7. Self-assess the first draft by reviewing:
6. Write the first draft.
7. Self-assess the first draft by reviewing:
its organization (beginning, ending, the topic statement, information relevance, information arrangement, transitions, logic, etc.)
its construction of sentences (the use of subordination, clarity and preciseness, forceful writing)
Revise the first draft.
Peer-assess the second draft (ask your classmates or friends to assess)
Revise the second draft and submit the third version.

9. Thank you!
Questions are welcome!