1. Value & Color
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2. Color Color- the element of art that is derived from reflected light
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3. How the Eyes See Color
Color originates in light. Sunlight, as we perceive it, is colorless. A rainbow is proof that all the colors of the spectrum are present in white light. As illustrated in the following diagram, light goes from the source (the sun) to the object (the apple), and finally to the detector (the eye and brain).
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4. Diagram of How the Eyes See Color
1. All the" invisible" colors of sunlight shine on the apple. 2. The surface of a red apple absorbs all the colored light rays, except for those corresponding to red, and reflects this color to the human eye. 3. The eye receives the reflected red light and sends a message to the brain.
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5. Color Spectrum
Color Spectrum- bands of color produced when white light passes through a prism and is broken into separate wavelengths; Color always appears in the same order, by wavelengths from shortest to longest: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet. A rainbow is a natural example of a spectrum.
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6. The Color Wheel
The color spectrum bent into a circle, the color wheel is a useful tool for organizing colors.
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7. Color Properties: Hue, Value Intensity
Hue- The name of a spectral color
Value- The lightness or darkness of a color. The color value of any hue can be altered by adding black or white.
Shade- a dark value of a hue made by adding black.
Tint- a light value of a hue made of a hue made by adding white
Chiraroscuro- The use of value contrasts to represent the effects of light and shadow
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8. Color Properties: Hue, Value Intensity cont’d
Intensity (saturation)- the brightness or dullness of a hue
a pure hue is high-intensity
a dulled hue, or a color mixed with it’s complement is a low-intensity color 
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9. Color Harmonies
Also referred to as color schemes, they are combinations of colors that are considered satisfying.
Each scheme creates a particular visual effect
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10. Color Harmonies
Harmony can be defined as a pleasing arrangement of parts, whether it be music, poetry, color, or even an ice cream sundae In visual experiences, harmony is something that is pleasing to the eye. It engages the viewer and it creates an inner sense of order, a balance in the visual experience. When something is not harmonious, it's either boring or chaotic. At one extreme is a visual experience that is so bland that the viewer is not engaged. The human brain will reject under-stimulating information. At the other extreme is a visual experience that is so overdone, so chaotic that the viewer can't stand to look at it. The human brain rejects what it cannot organize, what it cannot understand. The visual task requires that we present a logical structure. Color harmony delivers visual interest and a sense of order.
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11. Color Harmonies
Therefore, extreme unity leads to under-stimulation, or blandness, extreme complexity leads to over- stimulation, or chaos. Harmony is a dynamic equilibrium.
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12. Color Harmonies cont’d
PRIMARY COLORS Red, Yellow and Blue
These are the 3 pigment colors that cannot be mixed or
formed by any combination of other colors. All other
colors are derived from these 3 hues.
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13. Color Harmonies cont’d
SECONDARY COLORS
Green, Orange and Violet
These are the colors formed by mixing
the primary colors. They are in between
the primary colors on the color wheel.
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14. Color Harmonies cont’d
INTERMEDIATE COLORS Yellow-orange, red-orange, red-violet, blue-violet, blue-green and yellow-green.
These are the colors formed by mixing primary
colors with secondary colors. They are located
between the primary and secondary colors on
the color wheel.
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15. Color Harmonies cont’d
A color scheme based on analogous colors
Analogous colors are adjacent, or side
by-side on the color wheel, such as yellow
green, yellow, and yellow-orange.
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16. Color Harmonies cont’d
A color scheme based on complementary colors
Complementary colors are any two colors that
are directly opposite each other, such as red and
green and red-violet and yellow-green. In the
illustration above, there are several variations of
yellow-green in the leaves and several variations of
red-violet in the orchid. These opposing colors create
maximum contrast and maximum stability.
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17. Color Harmonies cont’d
Split Compliments- One hue combined with each side of its compliment:
Red, yellow-green, blue-green
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18. Color Harmonies cont’d
A color scheme based on nature
Nature provides a perfect departure point for color
harmony. In the illustration above, red yellow and green
create a harmonious design, regardless of whether this
combination fits into a technical formula for color
harmony.
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19. Color Harmonies cont’d
Monochromatic- One hue and the values, tints and shades of that hue
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20. Color Harmonies cont’d
Cool Colors- blue, green and violet; the suggest coolness and recede from a viewer
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21. Color Harmonies cont’d
Warm Colors- Red, Orange, Yellow; they suggest warmness and move toward the viewer
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