1. Chapter 12 Section 1

2. The New Imperialism
Imperialism is the extension of a Nation’s power over other land.
Earlier on people were content with what they had yet the New Imperialism has people looking for no less than direct and total power over vast territories.

3. What Areas were France, great Britain, and the US able to conquer and what were their primary motives for doing so?
France
Vietnam was conquered in order to not only keep the British out of Vietnam and keep watch over them but also for monopolization.
Later on they got ahold of Saigon, Hanoi and eventually, Cambodia, Annam, Tokin, and Laos for further expansion, money and trade capabilities
Great Britain
Great Britain, namely Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles conquered Singapore as it was a major stopping point for steamships on their way to or from China.
Burma was also conquered as a way to protect it’s possessions from in India as well and also for it’s use as a land route through to southern China.
United States
The US conquered the Philippines in order to, not only, prevent it from falling into the hands of the Japanese but also as a means of trade access to China

4. Why did Thailand remain a free state?
They wanted to remain friendly with the European powers.
King Chulalongkorn as well as King Mongkut heavily promoted western learning which caused the French and British to back off.

5. How did the colonial powers govern their colonies and what are the difference between direct and indirect rule?
They were able to realize their goals by cooperating with local political elites.
Those who already ruled in the area kept their power and were those kept in indirect rule.
People who lost their power at the hands of colonization were victims to direct rule.

6. What was the role of the colonized economies and how did this role benefit industrialized nations?
Their main task was to export raw materials.
The colonial powers didn’t want their colonists to develop their own industries because of this leading to the development of plantation agriculture.
Through the large amount of exportation they earned a large amount of wealth.

7. How did the people of Southern Asia respond to colonial rule?
Initially they resented colonization and thus the existing ruling class resisted.
Occasionally the resistance came by way of peasant revolt as they often were driven from their land for plantation agriculture.
The angry peasants took their anger and vented to foreign invaders.
Early resistant failed and were overcome by western powers .
In the early 1900s a new form of resistance that was based on nationalism formed.

8. Nationalist leaders in the 1900s who spoke out against foreign rue to preserve economic and religious freedoms all had what in common?
They were all well educated and mastered specific arts such as how to rule and conquer which led to them being where they are.
Through what they were able to resist invasions from colonial rule and expand.