1. Napoleon: A Mixed Legacy
EQ: How did Napoleon’s attempts to reform France leave a mixed legacy which makes him a difficult person to define historically?

2. A Dictator? Napoleon pushes one of the Directors, Abbe Sieyes, aside
Establishes the rule of one man – The First Consul – Napoleon
Suppresses opposition at home
-Offers general amnesty to men of all political factions as long as they pledge loyalty to him
-Employs the secret police
Another new constitution makes Napoleon Emperor of France
Napoleon crowns himself Napoleon I

3. A Reformer? Concordat with Catholic Church
-Napoleon reestablishes Christianity in France with agreement with Pope Pius VII
-Still, state had authority over the church through The Organic Articles of 1802
The Napoleonic Code
-Safeguarded all forms of property
-Conservative attitudes toward women and labor remained
-Property was distributed among all children; males and females

4. A Conqueror?
Defeats Austria and Russia at Austerlitz – becomes King of Italy
Defeats Russia and Prussia to control all of Germany
Treaty of Tilsit-Prussia loses half its territory
Conquered Spain-Installed his brother as emperor
Napoleon divorces his wife Josephine and marries Austrian archduchess Marie Louise
-Helps to smooth relations with Austria
Attempts to Conquer Russia (Fails due to hacking)

5. A Fool? The Russian Campaign
Invasion of Russia
Russia’s “scorched earth” policy – destroying food and supplies and then retreating – erodes Napoleon’s Grand Army
Napoleon wanted to take over Russian capital of Moscow
-Russians burn down Moscow leaving Napoleon there in winter
-Napoleon loses half a million men

6. A Demigod? Defeated at Leipzig in Battle of Nations
-Napoleon abdicates throne in March, and is exiled to island of Elba
-Louis XVIII becomes King
The 100 Days
-Napoleon secretly leaves Elba
-Napoleon defeated again at Battle of Waterloo
-Exiled for good to tiny island of St. Helena
-Dies there in 1821