1. Classifying Rocks
What are the three major groups of rocks?

2. Classifying Rocks
The size, shape, and arrangement of the crystals and other particles -
A rock’s texture reveals what the rock is -

3. Igneous Rock
How do igneous rocks form?

4. Igneous Rock
An igneous rock is a rock that forms from magma.
Magma is a mixture of molten rock and gases, including water vapor, which forms underground.
Magma that flows out of volcanoes is -

5. Igneous Rock
An igneous rock that forms -

6. Igneous Rock
Basalt is -

7. Extrusive rocks and intrusive rocks have differences -
Igneous Rock
Extrusive rocks and intrusive rocks have differences -
Intrusive rocks cool slowly underground, allowing their crystals to grow large. Large crystals give intrusive rocks a coarse-grained texture.
Extrusive igneous rocks cool very quickly at the surface. Their crystals do not grow much before the rock cools. This gives extrusive rocks a fine-grained texture.

8. Igneous Rock An igneous -
Gabbro, an intrusive rock, and basalt, an extrusive rock formed from magma rich in iron and magnesium. The rocks are dark and dense.
Granite is a coarse-grained, intrusive rock with a high silica content. Granite is less dense and lighter in color than basalt and gabbro.

9. Sedimentary Rock
How are sedimentary rocks classified?
A sedimentary rock is-.

10. Sedimentary Rock Sediment -
The process of weathering breaks down rock at Earth’s surface, turning it into smaller pieces.
Minerals dissolved in water are also sediment.

11. Sedimentary Rock
Sediment is -
As sediment piles up, the pressure causes the deeper sediment to be compressed.
Dissolved minerals in the water seep into the space between particles of sediment and form a kind of cement.

12. Sedimentary Rock
Colorful layers of sandstone, like those in this Utah canyon, -

13. Sedimentary Rock
Clastic Rock
Sedimentary rocks that form from the broken fragments of other rocks are -
The fragments that make up clastic rocks are usually held together -

14. Sedimentary Rock Clastic rocks -
Conglomerate is made of gravel and pebbles.
Breccia is made up of sharp-edged fragments.
Sandstone is formed from grains of sand.
Mudstone is made primarily of mud or silt.
Shale is mudstone made of flat grains aligned so that the rock can split into sheets.

15. Sedimentary Rock
Conglomerate is -

16. Chemical sedimentary rocks -
Chemical Rock
Chemical sedimentary rocks -
Rainwater dissolves many minerals on the land. These dissolved minerals are then carried into the ocean.
As water evaporates from the ocean surface, the concentration increases until the minerals precipitate.

17. Sedimentary Rock
The strangely shaped rocks in Mono Lake, California, are made of -

18. Some rocks form as the result of organic processes.
Sedimentary Rock
Organic Rock
Some rocks form as the result of organic processes.
Marine animals extract -
The shells and skeletons -
The fragments compact and cement together, forming-

19. Sedimentary Rock
The cliffs of Dover on the southern coast of England are composed of -

20. Metamorphic Rock
How do metamorphic rocks form?
Metamorphic rock is -

21. Metamorphic Rock Metamorphism can -
Heat deep inside Earth allows the minerals to recrystallize, and small crystals to enlarge.
Chemical changes occur, and new minerals may replace the original minerals.

22. Metamorphic Rock
Heat, pressure, and chemical reactions change the form of rocks. In this sequence, shale changes -
Shale
Slate
Schist
Gneiss

23. Metamorphic Rock
Metamorphism also changes the texture of rocks.
When pressure is -.
Metamorphic rocks with crystals arranged in parallel layers or bands are -

24. Metamorphic Rock
Some foliated rocks have a striped appearance. For example, -
Nonfoliated rocks don’t have bands. Their crystals are -

25. The Rock Cycle
How can one type of rock change into another?
The rock cycle is -

26. The Rock Cycle
Constructive forces form -
Destructive forces -
Other forces push rock -

27. The Rock Cycle -

28. The Rock Cycle -

29. The Rock Cycle -

30. The Rock Cycle -

31. The Rock Cycle -

32. What type of rocks require weathering and erosion to form?
Assessment Questions
What type of rocks require weathering and erosion to form?
sedimentary
metamorphic
igneous
sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous

33. Assessment Questions
Igneous rocks are formed when rock is transformed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. True False