1. September 2017
Journal: Why is your body temperature always around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit?

2. Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

3. What is Anatomy? Literally means to cut apart
The study of internal and external structures of plants and animals
How living things are put together

4. Two Types of Anatomy
Microscopic Anatomy: Study of structures only seen with magnification aids.
Macroscopic Anatomy: Study of structures visible to the naked eye
Also known as Gross Anatomy
Examples?

5. Would the following items fall under Microscopic or Macroscopic Anatomy?
Stomach Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Lungs
Femur
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Ear

6. What is Physiology? The study of how body parts function
How the body works

7. How does anatomy relate to physiology?

8. Structure (anatomy) determines function (physiology)
If the structure is not right, the function can’t be right either.
Abnormal structure and function = disease
Example: Sickle Cell

9. Homeostasis
Physiological mechanisms that work to maintain a constant internal environment
Examples?

10. Components of Homeostatic Mechanisms
Receptor – detects stimuli and sends signal on an afferent pathway to the control center.
Control Center – interprets signal and decides how to act.
Effector – information flows from the control center along the efferent pathway to the effector.

11. How do homeostatic mechanisms work?
If the body detects that its normal set-point is either to high or to low it will respond.
Control
Center
Efferent Pathway
Afferent Pathway
Receptor
(Start)
Effector

12. Example When your body gets to hot, what happens?
Send signal to control center in the brain
Brain signals a response
Sweat is released and blood vessels get bigger

14. Positive Feedback Loops
Loop continues in the same direction and increases magnitude of change to the body

15. Negative Feedback Loops
Loop moves in the opposite direction of a stimulus

16. Determine if the scenario represents a positive or negative feedback homeostatic system:
A car starts rolling out of a driveway w/o a driver. A person decides to respond by pushing the car in the direction that makes it leave the driveway faster.
Your blood calcium level is low so your body begins to break down bone tissue so that calcium is released into the blood.
A neuron is stimulated and sodium goes rushing into the cell. The more it is stimulated the more sodium goes rushing in, thus enhancing the stimulus.