1. Oracle Architecture Overview

2. Objectives
Learn about Oracle architecture and key Oracle software components
Look at the ORACLASS database
Discover differences between Oracle client and server installation options
Examine why to use OFA (Optimal Flexible Architecture)

3. Oracle Architecture: Key Components
The core Oracle RDBMS software includes a suite of over 200 components.
Key components are:
Oracle database & Oracle Net
Java/Web components
Oracle Enterprise Manager & Mgt. Packs
SQL*Plus
Utilities, Precompilers, and add-ons

4. Oracle database & Oracle Net
contains a number of preset features that speed up its use.
Includes PL/SQL engine
Oracle Net
Provides the network link between the Oracle database and most applications that communicate with the database
Is a gateway into the database

5. Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration
Java/Web components
Provides a way to access the Oracle database via Java ports
Tools installed with Oracle database
Apache web server
Precomplier for SQLJ
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

6. Oracle Enterprise Manager & Mgt. Packs
Windows-like database administrator tool in a single interface
Management packages
Sets of related tools aded to Enterprise Manager console

7. SQL*Plus
Allows users to run SQL satements

8. Utilities, Precompilers, and add-ons
Backup, migration, recovery, and transporting data
Precompilors (Pro*C)

9. Oracle Architecture: Running the Database
The Oracle database server has 3 parts:
Database (the files): a collection of files such as data files, control files, and redo log files
Database Software: database executable files such as Oracle Net, Enterprise manager, and the RDBMS components
Instance: background processes and memory
Handles user interaction with databases
Manages memory, integrity, and I/O for db files

10. Oracle Architecture: A Typical Server
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

11. Oracle9i Architecture: Server Configurations
Single-instance
Multiple-instance
Clustered
Number of computers 1
Many
Number of databases 2
1 (on a file server)
Number of instances
1 per database
1 per computer
Number of database software sets
1 (or more)
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

12. Oracle9i Architecture: Optional Additions
Some important optional additions are:
Oracle Data Mining: queries on data warehouses
Oracle Advanced Security: industry standard security encryption and password validation
Enterprise Manager packs: additions for tuning, change management, and diagnostics
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

13. Oracle9i Installation Options: N-tier
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

14. Oracle9i Installation Options: Server-side
Choose from:
Enterprise Edition: best for many users and high-volume data
Standard Edition: best for small groups of users, smaller volume data
Personal Edition: best for individual use
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

15. Oracle9i Installation Options: Client-side
Choose from:
Administrator: provides Enterprise Manager and other tools for remote database administration
Runtime: provides connectivity from local applications to a remote database
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

16. Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA)
Set of standards for directory structure and file names.
Advantages include:
Spreading I/O across devices to reduce bottlenecks
Separating products into distinct directories and/or devices to improve performance
Providing standard names for file types to speed up administrative tasks
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

17. OFA: Directory Structure Standards
ORACLE_BASE and ORACLE_HOME define the root directory structures
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

18. OFA: File Naming Standards
Patterns for naming files are:
Control files: controlNN.ctl (example: control01.ctl)
Redo log files: redoNN.log (example: redo03.log)
Data files: XXXXNN.dbf (example: SYSTEM01.dbf)
NN = sequential numbers starting with 01.
XXXX = name of the tablespace
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

19. Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration
Chapter Summary
Oracle RDBMS software contains many basic components and even more optional add-ons
The database server contains the software, the database files, and the instance (made up of memory allocation and background processes)
Oracle Enterprise Edition is the most robust of the three installation options for the server
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration

20. Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration
Chapter Summary
Multi-tier architecture provides greater flexibility and independence of software components
Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) defines standards for directory structure and file names
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration