1. MODEL OF DEMOCRACY
WESTERN VS. COMMUNIST

2. General Forms of Democracy
Democracy has taken a number of forms, both in theory and practice. These are:
Direct,
Indirect or representative,
Parliamentary,
Liberal or western and
Communist model of democracy.

3. Western model of Democracy
Western model of democracy can also be considered as liberal democracy.
Comparatively, this model of democracy is open than communist model.
Because, in western "real-democracy" the people have more power than in an autocratic system, however, that is very limited.

4. IDEA of Peter H. Merki
Political scientist Peter H. Merkl has mentioned four principle of liberal democracy in his book named “Political Continuity and Change”. These are:
Democracy is a government by consent that can be acquired by public discussion or periodic election.
Majority rule which means the decisions are taken by the majority vote on the principle of one-person – one vote.
The recognition of minority rights through legal safeguards.
Constitutional government, which means a government by laws and not by personal interests.

5. IDEA of Allan Ball
Allan Ball has added some principles of democracy. These are:
Multi party system and political competition among such party to acquire people’s support and political power.
Protection of civil liberty.

6. IDEA of Liberal Political Scientists
Liberal political scientist says:
democracy is the political system, where both political order and progress can go together and there is no necessity of a revolution.
Liberal democracy permits and emphasizes:
plural character and role of multi party system and pressure groups in a political system.
Thus, pluralist political scientists blamed:
the political system of former USSR and China is undemocratic because of not allowing plural system.
Plural concept admits that power in society is shared by many groups.

7. IDEA of Robert A. Dahl
Robert A. Dahl, Sterling Professor of Political Science at Yale University who support western democracy said that:
in a democratic process of making collectively binding decisions, each citizen must have an adequate and equal opportunity of expressing a preference concerning the final outcome, and the preferences expressed must be taken equally into account.

8. Features of Western Democracy
Basically, as western model of democracy, liberal democracy may include following elements:
Political Pluralism
Equality before law
Right to petition
Elected officials for redress of grievances
Due process of law
Protection of human rights and civil liberty
Presence of civil society outside the government

9. Universal Declaration of Democracy Key principles of Democracy
Freedom, equality, transparency and responsibility, with due respect for the plurality of views as conditions of democracy.
No one is above the law and all are equal before the law.
People participation should be accepted every matter of state.
Peace and economic, social and cultural development are both conditions for and fruits of democracy.
The key element in the exercise of democracy is the holding of free and fair elections.

10. Cont’d
These elections must be held on the basis of universal, equal and secret suffrage so that all voters can choose their representatives in conditions of equality, openness and transparency that stimulate political competition.
Function of the State to ensure the enjoyment of civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights to its citizens.
Public accountability, which is essential to democracy, applies to all those who hold public authority.
Judicial institutions and independent, impartial and effective oversight mechanisms are the guarantors for the rule of law
Active civil society is an essential element of democracy.