1. Figure 1 Types of coronary artery calcification
Figure 1 | Types of coronary artery calcification. a | In the general population, coronary artery calcium (CAC) is organized in crystals of hydroxyapatite and is a marker of subintimal atherosclerosis. b | In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), CAC is believed to result mostly from the accumulation of amorphous calcium and phosphorus deposits in the media layer of the arterial wall. However, recent evidence suggests that calcium accumulates in the media layer in the later stages of CKD, whereas in the earlier stages of the disease CAC is a marker of atherosclerosis and a risk factor for acute coronary events.
Raggi, P. (2017) Coronary artery calcification predicts risk of CVD in patients with CKD
Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi: /nrneph