1. WARM UP What could have caused this dramatic change?

2. Changes in Ecosytems
SPI

3. I can use information about the impact of human actions or natural disasters on the environment to SUPPORT a simple hypothesis, make a PREDICTion, or draw a conclusion.

4. These will be your new words to study for your vocab test on Friday.
Homework
Tonight, you will write each word and its definition like we normally do in class.
These will be your new words to study for your vocab test on Friday.
Vocabulary
Pollution
Extinct Species
Endangered Species
Threatened Species
Primary Succession
Pioneer Species
Climax Community
Secondary Succession

5. How can ecosystems change?
Ecosystems are changed by living organisms that change the environment around them, and by natural events such as floods.
2. Humans can change ecosystems by introducing new species or removing exisitng species.
Elephants cause changes, too, by trampling trees.
Ecosystems are in a constant state of change.
When you introduce a new species, they no longer have those natural predators. They can threaten or even kill off local species. They drastically alter the food web.

6. Think About It
Bird populations that nest in hemlock trees will decrease.
Native insect populations that depend on hemlock trees for food will increase.
Mammal populations that depend on hemlock trees for shelter will increase.
The hemlock tree population will become immune to the pests.
The hemlock woolly adelgid is an insect. It is an invasive species that was introduced into the U.S. In the early 1900s. This pest feeds on the sap of hemlock needles. It blocks nutrients from reaching the needles, causing the needles to fall off. Over time, the hemlock tree dies as a result. How might the hemlock woolly adelgid affect an environment?

7. Think About It
Toads need water to lay their eggs. Many toads lay their eggs in small puddles and ponds. One spring, there is a drought. What is most likely to happen to the toads?
The toads will be eaten by predators.
The toads will have less food.
The toads will have fewer offspring.
The toads will lay their eggs on the ground.

8. How do people affect the environment?
3. Pollution is a(n) harmful change in the natural environment.
4. Air pollution from burning fuels causes smog.
Pollution occurs because our land, water, and air do not have enough space to hold all of the wastes and recycle them naturally.
People harm the land by: strip mining, planting the same crop year after year, new roads and more vehicles, and the cutting of trees.
People harm the air and water by: bathing,washing clothes, & flushing toilets, oil from large ships, fertilizers & pesticides, smog,& acid rain (air pollution mixes with moisture in the atmosphere) it can damage the stone and metal used in buildings and statues

9. Think About It What causes acid rain?
Polluted water from landfills in major cities
Winds that blow from the ocean
Polluted air from some factories, cars, and trucks
Recycling

10. Think About It
What might cause an increase in the number of people who have asthma?
How might cutting down all the trees in area affect the environment?

11. How does waste affect the land?
5. Some household garbage breaks down, but some garbage is not biodegradable.
6. Toxic waste contains poisonous chemicals and metals.
Most of our garbage ends up in landfills. The areas are covered in soil, and under supervision, garbage decomposes slowly and safely.
Biodegradable: banana peels Not: motor oil, weed killer, foam cups, plastic containers
The U.S. has many laws in effect that protect the environment.
We can help by reduce,reuse,&recycle.

12. Think About It
DESCRIBE a possible problem with burning garbage to dispose of it.
EXPLAIN the benefits of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.

13. What happens when ecosystems change?
7. When a type of organism cannot respond to changes in an ecosystem, it may become extinct.
8. When a species is in danger of extinction, it is called an endangered species.
9. Species that could become endangered are known as threatened species.
EXPLAIN the importance of keeping a species from becoming extinct.
CONTRAST threatened, endangered, and extinct species.
Endangered species in TN: pitcher plant, interior least tern, puma, & red wolf

14. Think About It
The puma is an endangered species in Tennessee. What is most likely to happen to the puma population if people make laws to protect it?
It will become endangered.
It will decrease further.
It will increase.
It will not change.

15. How do ecosystems come back?
10. Over time, a group of species in an ecosystem is replaced by a different group of species through succession.
11. In regions where few species existed before or where species were wiped out, primary succession occurs.
12. The first species to take hold in barren areas are pioneer species, such as mosses and lichens.
13. As larger plants and predators begin to live in an area, the community may become a(n) intermediate community, such as a prairie.
Pioneer species are considered to be hardy organisms with short life cycles.

16. 14. With enough moisture, small trees may start to grow in a grassland.
15. A fully developed ecosystem supports the final stage of succession, a(n) climax community.

17. What is secondary succession?
16. When a new community develops where a community had once existed, it is called secondary succession.
EVALUATE my hypothesis. “Primary succession occurs quicker than secondary succession.”
EXPLAIN your conclusion.
Takes place after a fire or logging
Occurs faster because soil has already formed & animals may be present

18. Think About It
17. What are some of the ways that people cause harm to the land???