1. Counting Elements and Atoms Unit 6-1

2. I. Counting Elements
When counting the elements in a compound, only count the capital letters.
Example – H2O has two elements- Hydrogen and Oxygen
Example – CO2 has two elements- Carbon and Oxygen
Try This – How many elements are in NaCl?
What are they?
2 elements- Sodium and Chlorine
How many elements are in C12H22O11? What are they?
3 elements- Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

3. II. Counting Atoms
When counting atoms, count the subscripts for each element.
Subscripts are the small numbers that are behind the chemical symbol.
Example – H2O
When there is no subscript after the chemical symbol, it’s assumed that the subscript is a 1!
Example – H2O – There are TWO atoms of Hydrogen and only ONE atom of Oxygen.
Example – NaCl – There is only ONE atom of Sodium and only ONE atom of Chlorine.

4. d. To determine the TOTAL number of atoms
d. To determine the TOTAL number of atoms. Add up all atoms for all elements in the molecule. e. Let’s try some examples: 1. How many TOTAL atoms are in H2O? Answer- 2 atoms of Hydrogen + 1 atom of Oxygen = 3 atoms total 2. How many TOTAL atoms are in C12H22O11? Answer- 12 atoms of Carbon + 22 atoms of Hydrogen + 11 atoms of Oxygen = 45 total atoms

5. III. Coefficients
Sometimes there will be coefficients in front of the entire compound/molecule.
Example- 3 H2O
If there is NO coefficient it is assumed to be 1 just like with subscripts.
The coefficient tells you how many molecules (groups) there are of a specific compound.
Example- 3 H2O means that there are 3 molecules (groups) of H2O.

6. d. To determine the number of atoms there are when there is a coefficient, you multiply the coefficient and subscript.
Example – 3 H2S
Atoms of Hydrogen: 3 x 2 = 6
(coefficient x subscript=6)
Atoms of Sulfur: 3 x 1 = 3
(coefficient x subscript=3)
Total Atoms in 3 H2S = = 9 total atoms

7. Try this: 2NaCH
Atoms of Sodium: 2 x 1 = 2
Atoms of Carbon: 2 x 1 = 2
Atoms of Hydrogen: 2 X 1 = 2
Total Atoms in 2NaCH: = 6

8. iii. Try This: 2Ca3
Atoms of Calcium:
2 x 3 = 6
Total atoms in total 2Ca3 :
6 atoms

9. IV. Putting it All Together
Try the following examples:
Material
# of Elements
# of Molecules (groups)
Total # of Atoms
KCl4
NaCHO3
4H2O
2KCl4 2 1 5 4 1 6 2 4 12 2 2 10